Great Ahuramazda, who is the greatest over all the gods, who made the sky and the earth, who made people, who bestowed all prosperity so that people may live by it, who made Darius king, and who gave to King Darius the kingship of this wide earth with many lands in it — Persia, Media, and the other lands and other tongues, of the mountains and the plains, of this side of the ocean and the farther side of the ocean, and of this side of the desert and the farther side of the desert.

Darius the King says: by the favor of Ahuramazda these are the lands which made this which is made here: Persia, Media and the other lands and other tongues, of the mountains and the plains, on this side of the ocean and on the farther side of the ocean, on this side of the desert and on the farther side of the desert — according to what order I gave them. What I made, all by the favor of Ahuramazda I made. Me may Ahuramazda protect along with all the gods, me and whom I love.

I am Darius, the great king, the king of kings, the king of lands, the king of the earth, the son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenian. Akkadian 2 Darius the King proclaims: these are my lands; the people, who live in them, brought me tribute. Into my hand Ahuramazda has given them: Media ..., Cappadocia, Assyria, ... India, ... Chorasmia ... Under the protection of Ahuramazda these lands obey me, as is my will.

Ahuramazda; this ... not; did not appear repulsive to me and what I built; and this may Ahuramazda protect.

I am Darius, great king, king of kings, king of lands, king on this earth, son of Hystaspes, an Achaemenid.

King Darius proclaims: With the protection of Ahuramazda, this palace which has been built here, it is I who built it. In the place of the palace building its foundations were dug until I arrived at the resistant part of the earth and they were filled with rubble, 20 cubits; on the rubble, the foundations of the palace were set.

These are the materials which were used for this palace: gold, silver, lapis lazuli, turquoise, carnelian, cedarwood, Maka-wood, ebony, ivory and the decoration of the reliefs; all the columns are of stone.

These are the lands who brought the materials and the decoration of the palace: Persia, Elam, Media, Babylon, Assyria, Arabia, Egypt, the sealands, Sardis, Ionia, Urartu, Cappadocia, Parthia, Drangiana, Areia, Chorasmia, Bactria, Sogdiana, Gandara, Cimmeria, Sattagydia, Arachosia, Qadie.

King Darius proclaims: With the protection of Ahuramazda, the materials of the decoration of the palace were brought from far away and I organised it. All I did, I accomplished entirely thanks to the protection of Ahuramazda; me may Ahuramazda protect until I have accomplished all.

2 krsha.

I am Darius, the great king, Hystaspes' son, an Achaemenid.

2 krsha.

I am Darius, the great king, Hystaspes' son, an Achaemenid.

Third of a mina.

I am Darius, the great king, Hystaspes' son, an Achaemenid.

I am Xerxes, great king, king of kings, king of lands, king of this earth, son of king Darius, an Achaemenid.

I am Xerxes, great king, king of kings, king of lands, king of this earth, son of king Darius, an Achaemenid.

Proclaims Xerxes the great king: All that I have done here and what I have done elsewhere on this earth was done by my hand; all that I have done, I have done by the favour of Ahuramazda.

Artaxerxes the King says: This house — Xerxes the King, my father, laid its foundations. By the favor of Ahuramazada I, Artaxerxes the King, I built and completed it.

Proclaims Artaxerxes, the Great King, the King of Kings, the King of lands that are in the entire world, son of Artaxerxes, the king; Artaxerxes was the son of Darius the king; Darius was the son of Artaxerxes, the king; Artaxerxes was the son of Xerxes, the king; Xerxes was the son of Darius the king; Darius was the son of Hystaspes; Hystaspes was the son of Arsames; Arsames was from Achaimenes house. Akkadian 4 Proclaims Artaxerxes, the Great King: I complete this house. The builder of the front did not ... Under the protection of Ahuramazda, I built the back house ... which is built. Akkadian 7 Repeats and proclaims Artaxerxes, the king: May Ahuramazda, Anahita and Mithra protect me from all things repulsive and what I have built.

Palace of Ilu-shuma.

vice-regent of Ashur; Ilu-shuma was the son of Shalim-ahum, vice-regent of Ashur.

Ikunum, vice-regent of Ashur, made the temple of the goddes Ereshkigal, for his life and the life of his city built and put the clay cone.

May a later prince, when the temple ... has become dilapidated, restore my clay nail to its place.

Naram-Sîn, vice-regent of the god Ashur, son of Puzur-Ashur, vice-regent of the god Ashur.

... the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar ... favorable ... brothers ... 5' ... eighty-five nobles ... fled to me and ... the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar ...

Afterwards, Tammaritu, who sat on the throne of the land Elam after Ummanigash Humban-nikash II and who did not inquire about the well-being of my royal majesty, came to the aid of Shamash-shuma-ukin — my unfaithful brother — and to fight with my troops. As a result of the supplications that I had addressed to the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, my gods, Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and sat on his throne.

Tammaritu, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the nobles who march at his side, fled to me from Indabibi, and then crawled naked on their bellies and came to Nineveh.

Tammaritu, who was before that i.e. my royal chariot, kissed the feet of my royal majesty and swept the ground with his beard. He took hold of the platform of my chariot and then handed himself over to do obeisance to me. By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, he made an appeal to my lordly majesty to decide his case and to come to his aid.

Inside the land Elam, they the Elamites heard about the progress of the messenger of mine whom I had sent to the city Der. With the support of the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nusku, and Nergal ..., fear of my royal majesty overwhelmed the land Elam and then the people of the land Elam rebelled against Indabibi and killed him with the sword. They placed Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, son of Atta-metu, on the throne of the land Elam.

By the command of the god Ashur, Tammaritu made an appeal to my lordly majesty to decide his case and to come to his aid. I, Ashurbanipal, the magnanimous and forbearing one, with the support of the god Ashur and the gods who supported me, mustered my troops for a second time and gave the command to march against Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam. I drove away Ummanaldashu, the king of the land Elam, and he fled from my weapons and took to the mountains lit. "ascended his mountain".

As for Umba-LAGABua, who sat on the throne of the land Elam in opposition to Ummanaldashu, he abandoned the city Bubilu, a city that was a lordly residence of his, and took to the depths of far away waters.

As for Tammaritu, who had fled to me and grasped my feet, I installed him as king inside the city Susa.

He forgot the kindness that I had done for him, in having sent aid to him, and constantly sought out evil ways to conquer my troops. The god Ashur, king of the gods, who marches before me and allowed me to stand over my foes, rev. 15 saw the dangerous and rebellious thoughts of Tammaritu and delivered him into my hand: They removed him from his royal throne and then made him return and bow down at my feet.

For a third time, the god Ashur, the exalted lord, encouraged me and commanded me to march to the land Elam. Like the city Bit-Imbî, which I had conquered during a previous campaign of mine, I now conquered the rest of the land Rashi and the city Hamanu, along with its district. Moreover he, Ummanaldashu, the king of the land Elam, heard about the conquest of the land Rashi and the city Hamanu and

No translation possible

... my lordly majesty ... Shamash-shuma-ukin whom I had installed as king of Babylon ... who altered the peace between us ... did battle with me ... they consigned him to a conflagration and destroyed his life.

As for the soldiers who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion, as many as had made common cause with him, not a single one of them escaped; anyone who tried to get away did not escape my grasp.

I carried off to Assyria a chariot, the vehicle of his lordly majesty, the scepter held in his hands, and a seal — the insignia worn around his neck — along with equipment from his palace. I sat his nobles on camels as a spectacle for the people and they dragged the rest of them to and fro across the ground before me.

Afterwards, as for the people who were guilty, I imposed a harsh punishment upon them. I destroyed their faces, flayed them, and chopped up their flesh.

By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu, I entered the land Elam, brought about their the Elamites' defeat countless times, and marched about triumphantly. Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III became frightened by the assault of my mighty battle array, fled naked, and took to the mountains.

I conquered fourteen fortified cities, his royal residences, and smaller settlements, which were without number, together with twenty villages, in the district of the city Hunnir, which is on the border of the city Hidalu. ... ... ...

... ... inside the land ...

... ... from the hands of ....

Ummanigash, Ummanappa, and Tammaritu — the sons of Urtaku, the king of the land Elam — Kudurru and Parrû — the sons of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash II, the king who came before Urtaku — together with sixty members of the royal family, countless archers, nobles of the land Elam, ... rev. 1 the head of Teumman, the insolent former king of the land Elam, that/who ....

Tammaritu, who sat on the throne of the land Elam after Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, fled to me from Indabibi, his servant, crawled naked on his belly and ....

I conquered the cities Bit-Imbî, Susa, ... and Ashan to ... and I ... its gods, its goddesses, ....

Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III ... afterwards ...

My heart became enraged about these deeds and my temper turned hot. I mustered my troops and set out on the road against Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam. In the course of my campaign, I conquered the city Bit-Imbî, a city upon which the land Elam relied. As for the people living inside it, who had not come out and inquired about the well-being of my royal majesty, I killed them. I cut off their heads, sliced off their lips, and took them to Assyria to be a spectacle for the people of my land.

As for Imbappi, the chief archer of the land Elam, who was stationed as a guard in the city Bit-Imbî, I brought him out of that city alive. I then placed his hands and feet in iron fetters and brought him to Assyria.

I brought out a palace woman and the sons of Teumman — a former king of the land Elam whose head I had cut off during a previous campaign — together with the rest of the people living in the city Bit-Imbî and I counted them as booty.

As for Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam, he heard about these deeds of mine and the fear of the god Ashur and ..., who march before me, overwhelmed him, and then he abandoned the city Madaktu, a royal city of his, and then fled alone and took to the mountains lit. "ascended his mountain".

By the command of the deities Ashur, Mullissu, and ... inside Elam .... As for the people of the land Elam who had not come out and inquired about the well-being of my royal majesty, I killed them. The hands among them ... As for the rest, who ... ... ...

... ... ... who did not respect the kingship of ... did not obey the command of ... the strong one, the exalted one, the mighty one, ... 5' ... Shamash-shuma-ukin, my unfaithful brother, ... ... he cut him down with the sword. ... and they listened to my pleas. ... they fled and grasped my feet. ... sat ....

Their hearts plotted evil deeds ... 10' ..., who commanded me to march ... without number ... Ummanaldashu ... I devastated ... I laid waste and brought about the defeat of ... 15' ... with ... ... ...

... ... ... he Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III abandoned ... and fled ... that river as his defensive position ... to fight with me ... 5' ... was heaped up like a mountain ... of the lands, who does not revere ....

... Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III ... safely ...

and the gods made me stand over my foes in mighty victories.

I entered the land Elam, brought about their the Elamites' defeat countless times, and marched about triumphantly. 5' Ummanaldashu Hum­ban-hal­tash III became frightened by the assault of my mighty battle array, fled naked, and took to the mountains.

I conquered fourteen fortified cities, his royal residences, and smaller settlements, which were without number, together with twenty villages, in the district of the city Hunnir, which is on the border of the city Hidalu. I destroyed and demolished the city Bashimu and the villages in its environs.

... and statues of the kings ... wagons, horses, mules ... from the city Susa ... my lords, who had encouraged me, ... ... ...

... my weapons over my foes ... ... ... the presumptuous Elamite who did not ... and destroyed the land Akkad ....

Moreover, she, the goddess Nanaya, the daughter of the god Sîn, who ... had spoken angrily and had destroyed ..., her heart was .... Dreams and messages from ecstatics that ... she nominated me and ....

I, Ashurbanipal, ... who for 1,535 years ... after auspicious egirrû-oracles .... During the night, my lamassu ... ... ...

... all of it ... his ...s, his possessions ... Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam, who ... their ... inside his land upon/against ....

Pa'ê, the king of the land Elam, who had exercised dominion over the land Elam in opposition to Ummanaldashu, thought about the awe-inspiring brilliance of the great gods ... He fled to me from the land Elam and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

The sons of kings and the brothers of kings, whose ancestors had been in agreement with my ancestors ... came with their substantial audience gifts and licked this threshold with their tongues ... rev. 10' Messengers from both east and west, who were bearing good messages, ... the great gods, my lords, whom my ancestors had always revered and I, from my childhood ... monthly, good news about the conquest of my enemies was brought to me there.

... of the threshold ... ....

As for Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam who had seen the rage of the mighty weapons of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, he returned from the mountains, his place of refuge, and they his troops entered the city Madaktu, which I had destroyed, demolished, and plundered by the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar. He sat down in mourning, at a place of mourning.

By the command of his/their exalted divinity, which cannot be changed, his land rebelled against him. He then fled alone from the rebellion that his servants had incited against him and he took to the mountains. From the mountains, his place of refuge where he had always fled, I caught him like a falcon and took him alive to Assyria.

... the kindness that I had done for him ... in a widespread pitched battle I brought about the defeat of his troops ... ... ... the defeat ...

... evil ways ... The god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, who marched at my side and allowed me to stand ..., saw the dangerous and rebellious thoughts ... and ... they made him return ... 5' ... inside the land Elam ... cress ... people — male and female — oxen ....

... against him. He then fled alone ... where he had always fled, I caught him like a falcon and ...

... great gods ... which the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Adad, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Sharrat-Kidmuri, Ishtar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku ..., who support me, to ... ....

As for Tammaritu, Pa'ê, and Um­man­al­da­shu Humban-haltash III, who had exercised dominion over the land Elam after one another, and Uaite', the king of the land of the Arabs whose defeat I had brought about and whom I had taken to Assyria, together with plunder from his land — I made them take hold of the yoke of my processional carriage. They pulled it up to the gate of the temple while I was seated above them lit. "while they were below me". There, I humbled myself lit. "I stroked my nose" and paid careful attention to their divinity. In a rally of my troops, I made visible their the god's strength, through which the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Adad, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Sharrat-Kidmuri, Ishtar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku ... made me stand over my enemies.

I had this inscribed upon it.

In the future, may one of the kings, my descendants, whom the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar nominate for ruling over the land and people, ... ... ...

... ... ... my ... their ... the city Sha-pi-Bel

No translation possible

... Atta-metu, the chief archer, ... his ...

... had confined in prison ... he sent them before me ... they killed their ... ... the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar 5' ... fear of my lordly majesty ... filled with rage ... a servant who belonged to me ... kings of the land Elam ... ...

... who forgot ... I brought about his defeat ... ... to the temple ... 5' ... through the craft of the deities Ninagal, Kusibanda, and Ninkurra, ... ... before the goddesses Mullissu, ..., Ishtar of Nineveh, Sharrat-Kidmuri, ...

....

... ... went ... many ... dwelling in ... 5' ... their ... ... ... he sent, who/which ... ... ... ... ... the city Til-Tuba ... a descendant/son/relative of Urtaku, the king of the land Elam, who ...

No translation possible

... and the goddess Ishtar ... wheels ... the land Elam ... 5' ... Tammaritu ... himself ... ... I/he took the direct road ... my troops ... dust storms were whirling about ... 10' ... I slaughtered his warriors ... like grain, which ... a common soldier, who ... ..., the city Ar... I flattened and ... 15' ...s, as many as ...

the god Ashur ... upon ... rivers and floods ... a common soldier ... ... who hostilities ....

Tammaritu, who ... ... like ... his army, like an entourage of ... his judgment changed and his counsel ... ... 10' he spoke with his lips and was blessing ... "The god Ashur, your ally, your support, ... your borders ... ... fierce ... ... ...."

... the land Elam ... without number ... Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam, ...

... inside that city ... he came to Nineveh and ... Nabû-bel-shumati ... he came to me with his substantial audience gifts and ....

... the city Uzubia Izibia ... of the land Mannea ... lords ... daughter ...

I conquered ... together with twenty villages, in the district of the city Hunnir, which is on the border of the city Hidalu.

I placated the mood of the lord of lords. I carried off to Assyria its gods, its goddesses, its possessions, and its property. I devastated an area of sixty leagues inside the land Elam and scattered salt and cress over them.

As for the goddess Nanaya, who 1,535 years ago became angry and went to live in the land Elam, a place not befitting her, then, at that time when she nominated me for ruling over the lands, she entrusted me with the return of her lordly majesty, saying: "Ashurbanipal will bring me out of the land Elam and make me enter Eanna again."

The words of her divine command that she had spoken in distant days, she now disclosed to the people of a later generation. I grasped the hands of her great divinity. She took the direct path, which pleases the heart, to Eanna. I made her enter into Uruk and made her dwell on her eternal dais in Ehiliana, which she loves.

At that time, I refurbished the emblem of the god Nusku, who burns up my enemies, .... I grasped the hands of his great divinity; I then made him enter and made him dwell in his temple .... Before Sîn, the lord of oracular decisions, the one who makes signs favorable for me .... I offered sumptuous, pure offerings before him and presented him with my gifts ....

May Sîn, Ningal, Shamash, Aya, and Nusku continually look with pleasure upon me .... At the appearance of the new moon, during the day or at night, whenever Sîn always renews ... when he truly is sighted with Shamash ... to make the foundations of my royal throne firm and to make my reign endure .... May they grant me auspicious omens for a long life ... a just scepter, which expands the lands and people .... rev. 10 May they determine for me years of abundance and plenty, and .... May they be my support and may they kill my enemies and cut down my foes.

In the future, may one of the kings, my descendants, whom the gods Sîn, Ningal, Shamash, Aya, and Nusku nominate for ruling over the land and people, when my handiwork, as much as ..., becomes old and dilapidated, restore its dilapidated sections and ... ....

As for the one who erases my inscribed name or the name of my father or my grandfather and writes his own name, ... at sunrise and sunset, wherever ...

... ... ... he gave me and taught me ... he entrusted me with the making of their exalted emblems; offspring of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria; descendant of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, I —

... the god Nabû ... I captured my enemies alive and thus achieved my heart's desire. ... the god Nabu, the scribe of everything, I ... the land Elam. I cut off the head of Teumman, their king, in the assembly of his troops. I placed Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, a son of Urtaku — a former king of the land Elam — who had fled to me and had grasped my feet, on his Teumman's throne. I installed Tammaritu, the third brother of Ummanigash, as king in the city Hidalu.

As for Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, the servant installed by me lit. "my hand", he ... the kindness ..., took bribes from Shamash-shuma-ukin ..., and sent his forces with them. My battle troops who were marching about in Karduniash Babylonia and subduing Chaldea came up against them and brought about their defeat.

Tammaritu — the one who is not the brother of Ummanigash — rebelled against Ummani­gash and struck him, together with his family, down with the sword.

As for Tammaritu, who sat on the throne of the land Elam after Ummanigash and did not inquire about the well-being of my royal majesty ..., as a result of the supplications that I had addressed to the god Bel Marduk and the god Nabû, they listened to my prayers. Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and brought about his defeat in a pitched battle.

Tammaritu, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the nobles who march at his side, fled from Indabibi — his Tammaritu's servant — and he grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

I sent a messenger to Ummanaldashu, the king of the land Elam, in order to ... concerning the journey of the goddess Nanaya from Susa to Uruk, but he did not .... For a third time, by the command of the god Nabû, the honored son of the king of the gods Marduk, who is clothed in awe-inspiring radiance, I went to Elam. rev. 10 I conquered, destroyed, demolished, and burned with fire fourteen fortified cities, their royal residences, together with smaller settlements, which were without number, and twelve districts that were in the land Elam, all of it. I carried off to Assyria their gods, their goddesses, possessions, property, people — male and female — horses, mules, ..., donkeys, oxen, and sheep and goats, which were more numerous than locusts. I grasped the hands of the goddess Nanaya, the pre-eminent one of Eanna, the spouse of the god Nabû, ... ....

At that time, I had a knife made of reddish gold whose weight is five minas .... May ... the praise of his heroism, as much as I had spoken, ... to preserve my life, to make the foundations of my royal throne firm, to make my reign endure ... May ... the rest of the land of my enemies ... the land Elam, as much as ....

As for the one who erases my inscribed name or the name of my father or my grandfather and writes his own name, may the god Nabu, the triumphant heir, angrily curse him and make his name and seed disappear from the land.

For the goddess Dilbat the planet Venus ... the light of ..., who had become angry with Hazael, the king of the land of the Arabs, ... ... ..., who had placed him in the hands of Sennacherib, the father of the father who had engendered me, and had brought about his defeat, and who had said she did not want to reside any longer with the people of the land of the Arabs and had taken the road to Assyria —

As for Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father who had engendered me, the favorite of the great gods, who had achieved his desires through the reverence of gods and goddesses, ..., whom the gods Ashur and Shamash had placed on the throne of the father who had engendered him ..., and who had returned the statues of the plundered gods of the lands to their places ... — Hazael, the king of the land of the Arabs, with his audience gift ... 10 came before him and kissed his feet .... He appealed to him to give back his goddess, and he Esarhaddon had mercy on him and agreed ... He ... Te'elhunu, her former priestess, to .... Regarding Tabu'a, he inquired of Shamash, saying, "Should she ...?" He returned her/them with his goddess and ....

He had a star of reddish gold made that was adorned with precious stones of .... To preserve his life, lengthen his days, ensure the well-being of his descendants, ..., make his kingship endure, overthrow his enemies, ..., those gods of the lands whose sanctuaries he had trodden down, good things ..., may they constantly pronounce a blessing of long days for his posterity and over the black-headed people ....

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, ... the great gods, who ..., who marched at my side and let me achieve my desires, ..., who killed my enemies, made me stand over my foes, .... Uaite', the king of the land of the Arabs, who against ..., who had not respected the kindness that I had done for him ..., changed and he abandoned me and sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin ....

Ishtar, the sublime lady, ... by the words of her exalted command: I, Ashurbanipal ... by the command of the deities Ashur, Mullissu, ... ... I captured him alive. rev. 10 I pierced his jaw with the ... of the ... that my own hands hold. I put a lead-rope through his gums, placed him in a dog collar, and then made him guard the door of the eastern gate of the citadel of Nineveh, whose name is the "Entrance to the Place Where the World Is Controlled" ....

At that time, that star ... concerning her great divinity ... rev. 15 my entreaties .... Wherever I call out to you, ... my days ... my years ... ... ... ... ....

... of the goddess Dilbat ....

... the daughter of the god Sîn, the female warrior, ... her favorite brother, ... the king who reveres her, ... king of Assyria, ... Sennacherib, king of Assyria —

... I conquered their kings above and below. ... I fought with his numerous troops and brought about his defeat. ... I overthrew his throne and scattered his forces. ... three kings who had exercised dominion over the land Elam after one another, 10 ... they fled from my mighty ... and grasped the feet of his royal majesty. ... of his kingship was not pleasing to your exalted divinity, ... he did not remember the oath of Assyria that I had made him swear and they plotted evil ... I scattered his army and reaped the land Amurru like ... was placed and then I made him equip the hoe and imposed on him ....

... which was bright and made to shine like daylight ... I decorated it with ... red and purple wool ... I had a ... made and presented it. May she accept it and .... rev. 1 Look upon that ... with pleasure and ..., make ... stretch out over me, lengthen my days ... to stand and let it be set upon your lips. ... may ... be taken before you ... establish ...

... whose head I had cut off ... the defeat of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III ....

As for Tammaritu, Pa'ê, and Ummanaldashu, ... with your great support ...

For the goddess Belet-parshe who resides in the House of Succession that is inside Nineveh, the great lady, my lady —

I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters of the world, ... Sharrat-Kidmuri, Ishtar of Arbela, ... to be king of the four quarters of the world:

... an excellent throne ... the seat of the goddess Belet-parshe, his lady, ... ... of Belet-parshe ... that excellent throne ... I decorated it and 10 ... cast with shiny zahalû-metal .... I established the ... of her great divinity ... may her heart rejoice ... her divinity ... my enemies 15 ... all of the people, all of the settlements ... the goddess Belet-parshe ... Whenever that ... becomes old ....

As for the one who erases my inscribed name or the name of my father or my grandfather and writes his own name, may the goddess Belet-parshe, the great lady, make his name and seed disappear from the land.

For the goddess Belet-parshe who resides in the House of Succession that is inside Nineveh, the great lady, my lady —

I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria ... made his kingship great ... grandson of Sennacherib, king of Assyria, rev. 5 ... to preserve my life, ..., to make the foundations of my royal throne firm, ... I restored.

As for the one who erases my inscribed name or the name of my father or my grandfather and writes his own name, may the goddess Belet-parshe, the great lady, make his name and seed disappear from the land.

That which is written upon the ... ....

The troops of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, that I sent to conquer the land Elam with Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, the son of Urtaku — the king of the land Elam — the fugitive who grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

Simburu, the herald of the land Elam, heard about the advance of my troops and became frightened at the mention of my name. He then came before my messenger and kissed my feet.

Umbakidinu, the herald of the land Hidalu, who is carrying the decapitated head Ishtar-Nandi Shutur-Nahundi, the king of the land Hidalu. Zineni, his palace supervisor, is likewise depicted in the lower register. The might of the god Ashur, my lord, and fear of my royal majesty overwhelmed them and i 10 they cut off the heads of the nobles of the land Elam who had not submitted to me and cast them down before my magnates. They grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

The battle line that Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria lit. "the land Elam", formed opposite Teumman, the king of the land Elam, and with which he brought about the defeat of the land Elam.

Teumman, the king of the land Elam, saw the defeat of his troops; he then fled in order to save his own life and tore out his own beard.

PN, the son of Teumman — the king of the land Elam — who had escaped from the massacre, torn his garment, and was shouting to the father who had engendered him: "Defeat the enemy! Do not delay!"

Teumman, the king of the land Elam who had been struck during my mighty battle, fled in order to save his life and slipped into the forest. The axle of the wagon, the vehicle of his royal majesty, broke and it overturned upon him.

Teumman, the king of the land Elam, whom his wagon had cast down and whom Tammaritu, his son, had helped up, grasping his hands.

...

they Ashurbanipal's troops threw the head of Teumman down before my chariot wheels in front of the gate "May the Vice-Regent of the God Ashur Endure."

The decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam: I cut through the tendons of his face with a knife and spat upon it.

Nabû-damiq and Umbadarâ, the envoys whom Teumman, the king of the land Elam, sent with insolent messages ... Filled with rage concerning their lord, ... I detained them. They saw the decapitated head of Teumman, their lord, which had been brought before me. Umbadarâ pulled out his own beard and Nabû-damiq stabbed his own stomach with his iron belt-dagger.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, joyfully entered Nineveh with the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, whom I had defeated with the support of the god Ashur.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, displayed the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, in front of the Citadel Gate as a spectacle. It has been said from ancient times through extispicy, as follows: "You will cut off the heads of your enemies, ii 1 you will pour wine over them, that ...." Now, the gods Shamash and Adad, during my time as king, ..., I cut off the heads of my enemies and poured wine over them.

PN Urtaku, an in-law of Teumman who had been struck by an arrow but had not yet died, called out to the Assyrians to cut off his Urtaku's own head, saying "Come here and cut off my head. Carry it before the king, your lord, and obtain fame."

Itunî, a eunuch of so-and-so, the king of the land Elam, whom he Teumman insolently sent again and again before me, saw my mighty battle array and, with his iron belt-dagger, cut with his own hand his bow, the basis of his strength.

The fugitive Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, a servant who had grasped my feet. By my command, in the midst of celebration, a eunuch of mine whom I had sent with him ushered him into the land Susa and the land Madaktu and placed him on the throne of Teumman, whom I had defeated.

My troops, who had gone on campaign to the land Elam, were not allowed to recover from their fatigue; I directed them at once to the city Sha-pi-Bel, against Dunanu. They pitched camp against that city, surrounded it, and cut off his escape route.

Fear fell upon Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, the Gambulian, and he abandoned his city. He then came out before my messenger and kissed my feet.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, offered sumptuous offerings inside the city Milqi'a and performed the festival of the goddess Shatru Ishtar of Arbela. At that time, Dunanu was bound hand and foot in iron fetters and they brought him before me.

... properly carried out ..., I threw Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, the Gambulian, face down and set up ... over him.

Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, the Gambulian, .... hand and foot, to the city Ru'u'a, ... before me. ... ... ...

No translation possible

Dunanu, ..., my lady ....

The head of .... and the head of ... heir designate ....

I bound Dunanu, Samgunu, and Aplaya, together with a bear, at the "Gate of the Rising Sun and Setting Sun" to be a spectacle for the people.

The city ... that ...

No translation possible

PN1 and PN2 uttered grievous blasphemies against the god Ashur, the god who created me. I tore out their tongues and flayed them.

I slaughtered Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, the Gambulian, the one who had disturbed my exercising the kingship, on a slaughtering block like a lamb and I dismembered him.

Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, son of Urtaku — the king of the land Elam — who had grasped the feet of my royal majesty: I sent my forces with him to help him.

Battle line of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the one who established the defeat of the land Elam.

Battle line of Teumman, the king of the land Elam.

The defeat of the troops of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, which Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, had brought about by inflicting countless losses at the city Til-Tuba and during which he had cast down the corpses of his Teumman's warriors.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, after I made offerings to the goddess Shatru Ishtar of Arbela, performed the akitu-festival, and iii 20' seized the reins of the chariot of the goddess Ishtar, paraded into lit. "performed an entry of" the city Arbela in the midst of celebration in the company of Dunanu, Samgunu, Aplaya, and the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, which the goddess Ishtar, the Lady, delivered into my hands.

I blocked up the Ulaya River with the corpses of the warriors and young men of the land Elam. For three days, I made that river, at its crest, flow with their blood instead of water.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who with the support of the god Ashur, my lord, conquered my enemies and achieved my heart's desire, iv 1 had a siege ramp trodden down against the city Sha-pi-Bel, the city upon which the Gambulu rely, and the brilliance of my royal majesty covered Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, and he broke his bow. iv 5 He, together with his nobles, then came out before my messenger to make entreaties and kissed my feet.

I captured Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, alive. My warriors threw him into iron fetters and promptly sent him to Nineveh, before me.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the great gods, his lords, conquered his enemies and achieved his heart's desire, ... Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, Samgunu, the second brother of Dunanu, Nabû-na'id, and Bel-etir, sons of Nabû-shuma-eresh, the shandabakku governor of Nippur, iv 15 ... his brothers, ... king of the Gambulians

No translation possible

Copy of the writing board that was read aloud before the king.

I ripped out the tongues ... of Nabû-ushalli, a city overseer of the land Gambulu, and flayed him/them.

With the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, I took the road to the city Arbela in the midst of celebration.

I sent Tammaritu ... with him ... the people of the city Hidalu ....

Simburu, the herald of the land Elam, heard about the advance of my troops and became frightened at the mention of my name. He then came before my messenger and kissed my feet.

Fear of my royal majesty covered Umbakidinu, the herald of the city Hidalu; he then cut off the head of Ishtar-Nandi Shutur-Nahundi, the king of the land Hidalu,

who with the support of the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Adad, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku conquered my enemies and achieved my heart's desire.

I, Ashurbanipal, ... through mighty victories ... allowed me to stand ..., the king of the land Elam, ....

Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, son of Urtaku — the king of the land Elam — a fugitive who had grasped the feet of my royal majesty: I sent my forces with him to help him.

... the citadel of Nineveh.

Simburu, the herald of the land Elam, heard about the advance of my troops and became frightened at the mention of my name. He then came before my messenger and kissed my feet.

Fear of my royal majesty covered Umbakidinu, the herald of the city Hidalu; he then cut off the head of Ishtar-Nandi Shutur-Nahundi, the king of the land Hidalu, ... ... and then carried it and cast it down before my magnates. He then grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

Fear of my lordly majesty covered Zineni, the palace supervisor, and GISh-TAR-ta..., ... of the land Elam, ... they came here to do obeisance to me. ... my camp.

I captured Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, alive. My warriors threw him into iron fetters and

... sons ....

Teumman, the king of the land Elam who had been struck during my mighty battle, fled in order to save his life and slipped into the forest. The axle of the wagon, the vehicle of his royal majesty, broke and it overturned upon him.

Teumman, who, during a loss of all reason, said to his son: "Shoot the bow!"

Teumman, the king of the land Elam, whom his wagon had cast down and whom Tammaritu, his son, had helped up, grasping his hands.

Teumman, the king of the land Elam who had been struck during a mighty battle and whose hands Tammaritu, his eldest son, had grasped — 10' they fled in order to save their lives and slipped into the forest. With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I killed them. I cut off their heads in front of one another.

Battle line of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the one who established the defeat of the land Elam.

Battle line of Teumman, the king of the land Elam.

The decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, the one who conquers his enemies: My battle troops quickly brought to me the head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, that they had cut off through the might of the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, Ninurta, and Nergal, and they threw it down before my chariot wheels in front of the gate "May the Vice-Regent of the God Ashur Endure."

I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria: Nabû-damiq and Umbadarâ, the envoys whom Teumman, the king of the land Elam, sent with insolent messages ... ...

I paraded into lit. "performed an entry of" the city Arbela in the midst of celebration in the company of Dunanu, Samgunu, Aplaya, and the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, which the goddess Ishtar, the Lady, delivered into my hands.

I bound Dunanu, Samgunu, and Aplaya, together with a bear, at the "Gate of the Rising Sun and Setting Sun" to be a spectacle for the people.

With the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, I took the road to the city Arbela in the midst of celebration.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: Rusa, the king of the land Urartu, sent envoys to me to inquire about my well-being. I made Nabû-damiq and Umbadarâ, the envoys of the land Elam, stand before them with writing boards inscribed with insolent messages. Opposite them in the relief are Mannu-ki-ahhe, the deputy of Dunanu, and Nabû-ushalli, a city overseer of his. I ripped out their tongues and flayed them.

... the land Elam ... his ... the bow, the basis of his strength ....

I blocked up the Ulaya River with the corpses of the warriors and young men of the land Elam. For three days, I made that river, at its crest, flow with their blood instead of water.

... who inside the land Elam ... the mighty deeds ... the land Elam ...

I threw Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, the Gambulian, face down and set up ... ... over him.

I captured Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, alive. My warriors threw him into iron fetters and promptly sent him to Nineveh, before me.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, after I made offerings to the goddess Shatru Ishtar of Arbela, performed the akitu-festival, and 10' seized the reins of the chariot of the goddess Ishtar, paraded into lit. "performed an entry of" the city Arbela in the midst of celebration in the company of Dunanu, Samgunu, Aplaya, and the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, which the goddess Ishtar, the Lady, delivered into my hands.

...

Teumman, the king of the land Elam who had been struck during my mighty battle, fled in order to save his life and slipped into the forest. The axle of the wagon, the vehicle of his royal majesty, broke and it overturned upon him.

Teumman, who, during a loss of all reason, said to his son: "Shoot the bow!"

Teumman, the king of the land Elam, whom his wagon had cast down and whom Tammaritu, his son, had helped up, grasping his hands.

Teumman, the king of the land Elam who had been struck during a mighty battle and whose hand Tammaritu, his eldest son, had grasped — they fled in order to save their lives and slipped into the forest. With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I killed them.

The defeat of the troops of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, which Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, had brought about by inflicting countless losses at the city Til-Tuba and during which he had cast down the corpses of his Teumman's warriors.

...

... to pacify the heart of ... those Elamites ... they inflicted a heavy defeat on him. The head of Teumman ... 5' ..., the leader of the troops of ...-Ashur, the cavalryman, to praise ... ... ....

...s I made his weapons greater ..., mules, equipment of war, ... ... of my battle troops without ....

... the city Sha-pi-Bel, a city upon which he relied, ... I burned it with fire, whose location ....

... by the command of the god Ashur, my lord, I conquered ... the bones of Bel-iqisha ... 15' ... sons of Nabû-shuma-eresh, the shandabakku governor of Nippur, who the seacoast ... with Aplaya ... Samgunu, the second brother of Dunanu, with ...

... ... ... I marched against Teumman, the king of the land Elam who, concerning Ummanigash, Ummanappa, and Tammaritu — the sons of Urtaku — Kudurru and Parrû — the sons of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash II, the brother of Urtaku, former king of the land Elam — them, together with sixty members of the royal family, countless archers, and nobles of the land Elam who had fled to me and grasped my feet — concerning all those people, he had regularly sent his envoys asking me to send them back ....

He, Teumman, to the Ulaya River .... I trusted in the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar .... Before me, the Ulaya River ... I brought about his defeat inside the city Til-Tuba .... obv.? 10' I cut off his head in the assembly of his troops. I placed Ummanigash Humban-nikash II ... on his Teumman's throne .... Chariots, wagons, and mules I counted as booty ....

Dunanu, the son of Bel-iqisha, the Gambulian, who ..., I overwhelmed his land like a fog and I conquered the city Sha-pi-Bel, his fortified city, whose location is situated between rivers. I carried off him, his brothers, his family, ... and people ....

No translation possible

... ... his heavy defeat ... his offspring ... provinces of ... the people ....

I, Ashurbanipal, ..., which I constantly marched through ... the land Mannea ... you made bow down ... obv.? 10' Erisinni ... ... ...

... lordly ..., which ... Teumman, the king of the land Elam, ... I cut off his head in the assembly of his troops ....

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: The god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, ..., before "May the Vice-Regent of the God Ashur Endure," the gate of the god Ashur, ..., they allowed me to stand over my foes, who ....

... he appointed ... I placed him ... Ummanigash ...

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, with the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar ...: Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, the very image of gallû-demons, did not inquire about the well-being of my lordly majesty, set out to aid Shamash-shuma-ukin, my hostile brother, and hastily sent his weapons to fight with my troops. By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, the gods who support me, 5 Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and sat on his throne. Tammaritu, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the nobles who march at his side, crawled naked on their bellies and grasped the feet of my royal majesty. ... before me, they were singing the praises of the valor of my mighty gods, who constantly came to my aid.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, with the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar ... ...: They brought me the zaqiptu-standard and shakirutu-standard, the royal emblems of Shamash-shuma-ukin, ..., a chariot, the vehicle of his lordly majesty, and the soldiers who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion, and they dragged ... to and fro on the ground before me. As for the rest of ..., I sat them on camels in a line like lit. "of" their mountains as a spectacle for the people, and I joyfully entered Nineveh.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the hi'alu-troops of Shamash-shuma-ukin that he had sent to plunder the steppe.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the citizens of Borsippa who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and who had sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the citizens of Babylon who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and who had sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the ... of Shamash-shuma-ukin that had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and I struck them down with the sword.

I Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, for whom the great gods had determined a favorable destiny:

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: They were parading before me Ammi-ladin, the king of the land Qedar, whom I had captured with the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the great gods conquered his enemies and achieved his heart's desire: I joyfully entered Nineveh, my capital city, with Ammi-ladin, whom I had captured.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured Adiya, the queen of the land of the Arabs, together with her plunder.

Adiya, the queen of the land of the Arabs: I inflicted a heavy defeat on her, burned her tents with fire, and captured her alive.

That which is written upon the walls of the House of Succession, of the south wing.

...: Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, the very image of gallû-demons, did not inquire about the well-being of my lordly majesty, i 5' set out to aid Shamash-shuma-ukin, my hostile brother, and hastily sent his weapons to fight with my troops. By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, the gods who support me, Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and sat on his throne. Tammaritu, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, i 10' and the nobles who march at his side, crawled naked on their bellies and grasped the feet of my royal majesty. ... before me, they were singing the praises of the valor of my mighty gods, who constantly came to my aid.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, for whom ... had determined a favorable destiny: ..., my gods who had encouraged me ..., I joyfully entered Nineveh with Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the eighty-five nobles ii 5' who march at his side, my enemies who had fled to me and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

... the people who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and who had sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin, my hostile brother, ... ...

No translation possible

... Ummanaldashu, the brother of Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, ...teDI, the chief archer, and Teumman, the chief archer of the cavalry.

...-NU-NU/BAD, son of Ummanappa, son of Urtaku, the king of the land Elam.

Ummanaldashu, son of Teumman, the king of the land Elam.

Umbakidinu, son of Ummanappa, son of Urtaku, the king of the land Elam.

...NAGdinu, the herald.

That which is written upon the walls of the House of Succession, of the south wing.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the hi'alu-troops of Shamash-shuma-ukin that he had sent to plunder the steppe.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the citizens of Borsippa who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and who had sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin.

...

The battle line of Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, the one who did not honor the kindness of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who had appointed him as king inside the land Elam. rev. 5' Tammaritu, who had turned hostile towards him and then had brought about his defeat and scattered his forces.

The decapitated head of Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, the king of the land Elam, who had abandoned me, the lord of his treaty, ...

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the hi'alu-troops of Shamash-shuma-ukin that he had sent to plunder the steppe.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the citizens of Borsippa who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and who had sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin.

With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, I captured the ... of Shamash-shuma-ukin that had perpetrated sedition and rebellion and I struck them down with the sword.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, for whom the great gods had determined a favorable destiny: i 10' Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, his brothers, his family, and the seed of his father's house, who had set out to help Shamash-shuma-ukin ..., his lord, ...

..., I captured them alive, ... tore out their insides ... ... ... cut off their ..., flayed them, and fed their flesh to eagles.

Nabû-zera-ukin, son of Nabû-shuma-..., a ...ian, a servant who belonged to me, ... ..., who had sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin: I burned with fire his hands, which had taken up the bow to fight with my troops, and afterwards I ... him and flayed him.

..., a ... of Shamash-shuma-ukin, my unfaithful brother, a ... of Bit-Dakkuri: I burned with fire his hands, which had taken up the bow to fight with my troops, and afterwards I ... him and flayed him.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the great gods achieved his heart's desire: They paraded before me clothing and jewelry, all of the royal appurtenances of Shamash-shuma-ukin — my unfaithful brother — his palace women, his eunuchs, his battle troops, chariotry, a processional carriage, the vehicle of his lordly majesty, horses, his harness-broken steeds, every necessity of his palace, as much as there was, and people — male and female, young and old.

Nabû-shallimshunu, the chariot driver, and Mannu-ki-Babili, son of Nabû-shallimshunu.

The sons of Ea-zeru-qisha of Bit-Amukkani.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu, the great gods, the kings who sit upon royal daises bowed down to my yoke. As for the archers among whom Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam,

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, whom the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar made stand over his foes and who achieved his heart's desires: Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, set out to aid Shamash-shuma-ukin — my hostile brother — iii 5' and to fight with my troops. He, together with his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and his nobles fled to Nineveh from Indabibi, a servant of his who had incited rebellion against him, and then he kissed the feet of my royal majesty and made an appeal to my lordly majesty to do obeisance to me.

Ummanigash, who forgot the kindness of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, his lord, did not honor his treaty, and ... the treaty and oath: As for the people of his country, whom he Tammaritu had incited to rebel with him, he Ummanigash ... from the people of his country and fled ... into the mountains.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the great gods achieved his heart's desire: They paraded before me clothing and jewelry, all of the royal appurtenances of Shamash-shuma-ukin — my unfaithful brother — his palace women, his eunuchs, his battle troops, chariotry, a processional carriage, the vehicle of his lordly majesty, horses, his harness-broken steeds, every necessity of his palace, as much as there was, and people — male and female, young and old.

Nabû-shallimshunu, the chariot driver, and Mannu-ki-Babili, son of Nabû-shallimshunu.

The sons of Ea-zeru-qisha of Bit-Amukkani.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: By the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu, the great gods, the kings who sit upon royal daises bowed down to my yoke. As for the archers among whom Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, had bragged about fighting with my troops, now, through the might of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu, 15 the gods who support me, those archers ... the month Nisannu I, with ... approached ...

Belonging to the temple at Nineveh ....

...

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, whom the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar made stand over his foes and who achieved his heart's desires: Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, set out to aid Shamash-shuma-ukin — my hostile brother — 5' and to fight with my troops. He, together with his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and his nobles fled to Nineveh from Indabibi, a servant of his who had incited rebellion against him, and then kissed the feet of my royal majesty and made an appeal to my lordly majesty to do obeisance to me.

Ummanigash, who forgot the kindness of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, his lord,

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, whom the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar made stand over his foes and who achieved his heart's desire: Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, set out to aid Shamash-shuma-ukin — my hostile brother — and to fight with my troops. 5' He, together with his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and his nobles fled to Nineveh from Indabibi, a servant of his who had incited rebellion against him, and then he kissed the feet of my royal majesty and made an appeal to my lordly majesty to do obeisance to me.

Ummanigash, who forgot the kindness of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, his lord, did not honor his treaty, and ... the treaty and oath: As for the people of his country, 10' whom he Tammaritu had incited to rebel with him, he Ummanigash ... from the people of his country and fled ... into the mountains. He cut Ummanigash down with the sword, and his head, his arms, his feet, ... ... ... Tammaritu carried them to me and ... before my eunuch.

... ... ... Tammaritu ... ... the official of the city Sam'ana, ...gugu, the official of the city A... ... ..., Ummanaldashu, the brother of Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, 20' ...teDI, the chief archer, and Teumman, the chief archer of the cavalry.

Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, who came to the aid of Shamash-shuma-ukin and to fight with my troops: I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, appealed to the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar and 25' they heard my supplications. Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and brought about his defeat in a pitched battle. When Tammaritu's men fled from the thick of battle and told him about the defeat of his troops, he fled on the road to the Sealand. After him, Indabibi, his servant, sat on his throne.

The boat of Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the nobles who march at his side, which the sediment, mud, and swamp held firm so that it did not have a way to sail on: From that boat, Ki... carried Tammaritu behind him. He broke through the hardships of the difficult terrain and made him Tammaritu enter the marshes. On account of their hunger, ... they ate uncooked food ....

Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, who fled before Indabibi, and then sailed on the Bitter Sea and encountered trouble: I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, sent him my royal leftovers. He accepted those leftovers and kissed the ground before my eunuch.

The battle line of Ummanigash Humban-nikas II, the one who did not honor the kindness of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who had appointed him as king inside the land Elam. Tammaritu, who had turned hostile towards him and then had brought about his defeat and scattered his forces.

The decapitated head of Ummanigash Humban-nikas II, the king of the land Elam, who had abandoned me, the lord of his treaty, and had gone to the aid of Shamash-shuma-ukin, my enemy, that Tammaritu had cut off in the thick of battle rev. 15 as a spectacle for my eunuch, whom Ummanigash had detained in the land Elam. He Tammaritu sent it into the city Madaktu as good news.

...-NU-NU/BAD, son of Ummanappa, son of Urtaku, the king of the land Elam.

Ummanaldashu, son of Teumman, the king of the land Elam.

Umbakidinu, son of Ummanappa, son of Urtaku, the king of the land Elam.

...NAGdinu, the herald.

That which is written upon the walls of the House of Succession, of the south wing.

When Tammaritu's men fled from the thick of battle and told him about the defeat of his troops, he fled and took the road to the Sealand. After him, Indabibi, his servant, sat on his throne.

The boat of Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the nobles who march at his side, which the sediment, mud, and swamp held firm so that it did not have a way to sail on: From that boat, Ki... carried Tammaritu behind him. He had him traverse ... the hardships of the difficult terrain and made him Tammaritu enter the marshes. On account of their hunger, ... they ate uncooked food ....

Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, who ... fled before Indabibi, and then sailed on the Bitter Sea and encountered trouble: I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, sent him my royal leftovers. He accepted those leftovers and kissed the ground before my eunuch.

No translation possible

....

I captured ... who had perpetrated sedition and rebellion. I ... them and, in order obv.? 5' to show the might of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu, I sat them on camels. ... like gnats, they were creating noise with the Assyrians, who were celebrating before me.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria: They were parading before me Ammi-ladin, the king of the land Qedar, whom I had captured with the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the great gods conquered his enemies and achieved his heart's desire: I joyfully entered Nineveh, my capital city, with Ammi-ladin, whom I had captured.

Of the east wing, upon the walls.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of the world, king of Assyria, for whom the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar had determined a favorable destiny: rev.? 10 ..., my gods who had encouraged me ..., I joyfully entered Nineveh, my capital city, with Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, his brothers, his family, the seed of his father's house, and the eighty-five nobles who march at his side, my enemies, who had fled to me and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

... ...

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu achieved his heart's desire: Ummanigash Humban-nikash II dispatched them his forces to Undasu, a son of Teumman — a former king of the land Elam — Zazaz, the city ruler of the city Pillatu, and Parrû, the city ruler of the land Hilmu, to help Shamash-shuma-ukin — my unfaithful brother — and to fight with the troops of Assyria

No translation possible

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu achieved his heart's desire: rev.? 5' They paraded before me the zaqiptu-standard and shakirutu-standard, clothing and jewelry, all of the royal appurtenances of Shamash-shuma-ukin — my unfaithful brother — his palace women, his eunuchs, his battle troops, chariotry, a processional carriage, the vehicle of his lordly majesty, horses, his harness-broken steeds, every necessity of his palace, as much as there was, and people — male and female, young and old.

... ... ... mighty victories ... the land Elam ... the land Elam, all of it, ... obv.? 5' with the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu, ... he became distressed. He sent his envoys to me ... and with his substantial audience gifts ... ....

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu achieved his heart's desire:

...

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, who by the command of the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu achieved his heart's desire: ... the land Elam ... rev.? 5' ... I laid waste ... the god Lagmaru ... ... ...

... ... ....

... Hardship ... ....

... Shamash-shuma-ukin, who ... his royal equipment ... nobles, his eunuchs, people ... ... ...

No translation possible

PN ...

Sixteen thousand bows ... my enemy ... ....

In order to exact revenge ... the god Ashur roused Ashurbanipal, the favorite of ... mighty ones into his hands ....

PN, the envoy of Tammaritu, ... made an appeal to my lordly majesty, saying, "O king, ... ..." ....

The rest, who did not submit to my yoke, ... I made him enter and sit on the throne of the land Elam. At the mention of my name ... I marched from the Upper Sea to the Lower Sea, where the kings, my ancestors, had regularly traveled. At a distance of one month and twenty days journey into the midst of the sea and on dry land, I added territory to that of the kings, my ancestors, and ruled it. I made the people living in those lands bow down to my yoke and imposed upon them annual tribute payment. 15' With the support of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, the gods who had encouraged me, the kings who sit upon royal daises kiss my feet and great rulers from both east and west are anxious for me to be their ally.

... ... before me one ... my lord ...

... ... which my feet ... ... in Ehulhul, which I had built anew and ... and the kings of the land Hatti, servants who belonged to me, ... I clad the cella of the god Sîn, my lord, with ... and made it shine like daylight ..., which from distant days ....

As for the city Arbela, the abode of the goddess Ishtar, the house of festivals and joyous celebrations, whose inner wall had not been built and whose outer wall had not been completed since time immemorial: I built its inner wall and completed its outer wall. I filled it with splendor.

As for the temple of the goddess Ishtar, my lady, I made it shine like daylight using silver, gold, and copper. I decorated the divine emblems of the gateways of the temple of the goddess Ishtar with silver and gold and then I set them up.

As for the city Milqi'a, the palace of the steppe, the dwelling place of the goddess Ishtar, I renovated its dilapidated sections, built its akitu-house, and completed the city in its entirety. I set my hands to this task in distress and weeping because an enemy had destroyed it, but I completed it in the midst of celebration.

I myself set up the divine emblems of the temple of the god Nergal of the city Tarbishu, which had not existed in the days of the past.

After I had done these things and finished my work, I did not ... the command of the father who had engendered me, but rather I kept it. I entrusted Shamash-shuma-ukin, my favorite brother, with the kingship of the land Karduniash Babylonia, consecrated Ashur-mukin-pale'a, my younger brother, as a sheshgallu-priest of the god Ashur, and consecrated Ashur-etel-shamê-ersheti-muballissu, my youngest brother, as a sheshgallu-priest of the god Sîn, who resides in the city Harran.

Together with the funerary offerings, I reinstated the libations for the spirits of the kings who came before me that had been discontinued and I performed good deeds for god and mankind, for both the dead and the living. So why are illness, misery, troubles, and loss bound up with me? Discord in the land and quarreling in the household cannot be kept away from my side. rev. 5 Disorder and evil plans constantly beset me. Unhappiness and ill health have contorted my body.

I spend days in saying "Woe!" and "Alas!" I myself am troubled on the day of the god of the city, the festival day. Death takes holds of me, and I am suffering severely. rev. 10 Day and night I wail on account of depression and melancholy. I am exhausted. O god, give these things to someone who is irreverent so that I may see your light! How long, O god, will you treat me this way? I am treated like one who does not revere god or goddess!

... I allowed ... to dwell as safely as if on a meadow ... terror in the steppe ... ... well-being 5' ... who constantly achieves his heart's wish ...s, birds, and fish.

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters of the world; offspring of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; descendant of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, who was also king of Assyria —

The god Ashur, the Enlil of the gods, firmly established the foundations of my throne and required my priestly services; the goddess Mullissu, the mother of the great gods, raised me like my own birth mother in her sweet embrace; the gods Sîn and Shamash regularly sent me auspicious signs every month through their firm "yes"; the god Marduk, the sage of the gods whose command cannot be changed, determined as my lot a destiny of longevity; the god Nabû, the scribe of everything, implanted in my mind the precepts of his wisdom, which he loves; the goddess Ishtar, who resides in the city Arbela, the honored one of the great gods, stretched out her everlasting protection over me; and the god Nergal, mightiest of the gods, granted me power, virility, and unrivalled strength as a gift.

From my childhood, the great gods who dwell in heaven and netherworld determined my destiny to be king. They raised me like a father who had engendered me and entrusted me with their exalted ways. They taught me how to wage war and battle, set in motion an attack, form a battle line, and do combat. They made my weapons greater than those of my enemies who, from my childhood until I became an adult, started a fight with me.

They judged my case with Urtaku, the king of the land Elam, with whom I did not start but who started a battle with me. In my stead, they brought about his defeat, smashed his vanguard, and drove him away as far as the border of his land.

In that year, they destroyed his life through a cruel death. They consigned him to Kurnugia, the place of no return. The hearts of the great gods, my lords, were not appeased, and the angry moods of their lordly majesties were not pacified. They overthrew his kingship and took away his dynasty. They made somebody else assume dominion over the land Elam.

Ummanigash, Ummanappa, and Tammaritu — the sons of Urtaku, the king of the Elam — Kudurru and Parrû — the sons of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash II, the king who came before Urtaku — together with sixty members of the royal family, countless archers, and nobles of the land Elam, fled to me before the slaughter of Teumman, the brother of their father, and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

After I sat on the throne of the father who had engendered me, the god Adad released his rains and the god Ea opened up his springs. The forests flourished greatly and reeds and reed-thickets grew together so that there was no entrance or walkway. The young of the lions thrived inside them and they banded into packs without number. By devouring oxen, sheep and goats, and humans, they became restless and fierce; they grew in size.

The mountains resounded with their roars and the beasts of the steppe were perpetually terrified. They were constantly cutting down wild animals and shedding the blood of humans, so that they blocked travel. 30 Like the carnage of the god Erra, the bodies and corpses of oxen and sheep and goats were heaped up in the steppe and open country. Shepherds and herdsmen were bewailing that lions were eating animals within their cattle-pens and sheepfolds. Settlements were mourning day and night ..., their dwelling places were situated in the reeds and forests.

They the people told me about the deeds of these lions and for pleasure I went out against them. During the course of my campaign, I entered into those reeds and forests and I brought about their defeat. 35 I scattered their lairs and I captured their ... alive. I pacified the people living in those settlements and the shepherds and herdsmen, and I allowed wild animals to dwell as safely as if on a meadow.

At that time, four sons of the kings ..., fugitives of the land Elam, demonstrated to me lit. "drew my attention to" the shooting of their bows, which after ... ... they mutilated their fingernails in a ... way. ... ... ... they were shooting ... before me. 40 ... they shot ... ... their furious arrows ... my furious arrow ... ... ... my eunuchs ... ... is/are located ...

... the god Nergal, mightiest of the gods, ... ... before my bow ... they were looking at him ... ... they were constantly blessing my ... and were kissing my feet. ... ... their own eyes saw 50 ... ... ... ... you will not place ... May he allow you to have ... and might. ... humanity ... the land Elam

No translation possible

... ... had encouraged me, commanded me to scatter the land Elam.

... ... ..., the third lion, I struck its kidneys but did not ... ... ..., the fourth, I smashed its skull and ... ..., the fifth, I cut through its tendon and ... .... 5' With my single, lordly, harnessed team and the vehicle of my royal majesty, forty minutes after dawn, I quelled the fury of eighteen raging lions ... I threw their corpses opposite one another into heaps .... I made their blood flow and ... the vegetation of the steppe like ....

At the place where I killed those lions, I ... .... This field, which the people of my palace named "He ... the Lions ...," that field to Mullissu, who dwells in Nineveh which she loves, ... in order to give her offerings and contributions and to provide them more lavishly than the regular offerings of the other gods ....

When Mullissu ... the scent of offerings of grain ... and the giving of his regular offerings ... .... 15' May her heart rejoice ... with pleasure ...

No translation possible

... Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, ... the land Elam, ..., third men of chariot crews, cavalrymen, archers, ... eunuchs, engineers, every kind of artisan there was, 5 ..., mules, donkeys, oxen, and sheep and goats, which were more numerous than locusts — I carried them off to Assyria.

... I did not even leave a place for birds to perch. The daughters of kings, the sisters of kings, along with earlier and later family of the kings of the land Elam, officials and mayors of those cities, as many as I had conquered, 10 chief archers, captains, charioteers, third men of chariot crews, cavalrymen, archers, eunuchs, engineers, every kind of artisan there was, people — male and female, young and old — horses, mules, donkeys, oxen, and sheep and goats, which were more numerous than locusts — I carried them off to Assyria.

... I covered the land Elam in its entirety.

I gathered earth from the cities Susa, Madaktu, Haltemash, and the rest of their cult centers and took it to Assyria.

... of the land Elam ... the land Elam ... against him ... ... their gates 5 ... devastating the settlements ... against my troops ... I marched about triumphantly inside the land Elam ... the assembly of his troops ... that I had conquered, I now plundered it. ..., whom I/they placed on his throne, ... and he took refuge there.

..., king of the four quarters of the world, ... the deities ..., Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku ... his weapons. 15 ... a profitless decision ... the gods who support me ... went ... did not escape.

... ... ... for future days.

Before my father was born and my birth-mother was created in her mother's womb, the god Sîn, who created me to be king, named me to rebuild Ehulhul, i 5 saying: "Ashurbanipal will rebuild that temple and make me dwell therein upon an eternal dais." The word of the god Sîn, which he had spoken in distant days, he now revealed to the people of a later generation. He allowed the temple of the god Sîn — which Shalmaneser III, son of Ashurnasirpal II, i 10 a king of the past who had come before me, had built — to become old and he entrusted its renovation to me.

As for that temple, which had become old, I removed its dilapidated sections by the command of the gods Sîn and Nusku. I made its structure larger than the one in the days of the past.

No translation possible

... I know how to form a battle line and do combat. ... I grasped the ... of kingship .... Nobles and eunuchs rejoiced and they heeded the pronouncements from my lips. Before the king, the father who had engendered me, I would intercede on their behalf and I would annul their sins. obv.? 5 ... I regularly appointed governors .... The great gods constantly looked with pleasure upon my good deeds and, by their exalted command, I gladly sat on the throne of the father who had engendered me.

... and they kissed my feet. ... they placed in my hands ... obv.? 10 ... they relented. I completed ... and made it shine like daylight. ... in Egashanhilikuga ... which I just built ... and I made Sharrat-Kidmuri dwell on her eternal dais.

... ... ... ... ... to make decisions ... quarters of the world rev.? 5 ... beloved by his lordly majesty ... they ... the city ... the gods Shamash and Adad ... beloved by his heart ... the road to Shuanna Babylon rev.? 10 ... ... the corners ... ... a joyful procession ... inside it Esagil he Marduk took up residence on his eternal dais. ... ... I returned them to their places of worship ... I made regular offerings and contributions more plentiful than those of distant days.

I had a canopy, which rivals the heavens, made from musukkannu-wood, a durable wood.

... Ashurbanipal ... required my lordship ... ... ... ... ...

... ... ... he will place and ... ... ... his ... ... for ... 5' ... let me remove their ... I made them take ... which/whom the gods Shamash, Nabû, ... Ashurbanipal, the creation of ... ... ...

You know, O Ashur, the Enlil of the gods, from the past into the future, that Uaite' Iauta', son of Hazael, the king of the land of the Arabs, in the time of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the servant, the creation of your hands, i 5 had turned hostile and had cast off the yoke of his Esarhaddon's lordship. Through your great support and your exalted strength, Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father who had engendered me, mustered his army and dispatched them against him. In a pitched battle, he brought about his defeat and they the army carried off his gods. i 10 Uaite' Iauta', in order to save his own life, abandoned his camp, escaped alone, and fled far away.

After the god Ashur, the king of the entirety of heaven and netherworld, chose me by his pure glance and i 15 desired me to be king, ... entrusted me with ... the land of the Arabs ... he heard what I said and ... he returned and

he Uaite' Iauta' had not respected the kindness that I had done for him, and had cast off the yoke of my lordship. He refrained from inquiring about my well-being and withheld from me audience gifts and his substantial payments. Just like the land Elam, i 40 he listened to the lies spoken by the land Akkad and then he did not honor my treaty. He abandoned me, Ashurbanipal, the holy priest, the servant, the creation of your hands, and he sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin, accursed by your great divinity, whose kingship you overthrew. i 45 As for the people of the land of the Arabs who were with him, he made them hostile towards me and then they were constantly plundering the kings of the land Amurru, servants who belonged to me whom you had handed over to me.

I dispatched my troops, who were stationed on the border of his land, against him and they brought about his defeat. i 50 They struck down with the sword the people of the land of the Arabs, as many as had risen up with him. They set fire to pavilions and tents, their abodes, and thus consigned them to the god Gira.

I carried off to Assyria people — male and female — donkeys, camels, oxen, and sheep and goats without number. They filled with them the whole extent of my land, all of it in its entirety, to all of its borders. I apportioned camels like sheep and goats and divided them among the people of Assyria ii 1 so that within my country they the Assyrians could purchase a camel for one shekel or even a half shekel of silver at the market gate. The female tavern keeper for a serving, the beer brewer for a jug of beer, and the gardener for his bag of vegetables were regularly receiving camels and slaves.

As for the rest of the land of the Arabs who had fled from my weapons, the heroic god Erra struck them down. Famine broke out among them and they ate the flesh of their children on account of their hunger. ii 10 You decreed curses, as many as were written in their treaties through the invocation of your name and that of the gods, your children, accordingly as a harsh fate upon them.

The foal of camels, the foal of donkeys, the calf, and the spring lamb sucked more than seven times at their wet nurses and yet ii 15 they could not satisfy their stomachs with milk. The people inside the land of the Arabs constantly asked one another: "Why have evil deeds such as these lit. "this" befallen the land of the Arabs?" ii 20 The other answered: ii 20 "Because we did not honor the great treaties sworn by the god Ashur and sinned against the kindness of Ashurbanipal, the king who is the favorite of the heart of the god Enlil."

As for Uaite' Iauta', hardship befell him and he fled alone to the land of the Nabayateans.

Abi-Yate', son of Te'ri, came to Nineveh and kissed my feet. I concluded with him a treaty, an oath sworn by your great divinity. ii 30 I installed him as king in place of Uaite' Iauta' in ... I imposed upon him gold, eyestones, pappardilû-stone, kohl, camels, and prime quality donkeys as annual payment.

As for Ammi-ladin — the king of the land Qedar, who, like him Iauta', had turned hostile and repeatedly plundered the kings of the land Amurru, servants who belonged to me, whom you made bow down at my feet — ii 40 by invoking my name which the god Ashur had made great, I captured Ammi-ladin and the rest of his people who had escaped the slaughter. I placed his hands and feet in iron fetters and brought him to Assyria.

I inflicted a heavy defeat on Adiya, the queen of the land of the Arabs. I burned her tents with fire. I captured her alive and took her to Assyria, together with the plunder of her land.

Natnu, the king of the land of the Nabayateans — whose location is remote — heard about the might of the god Ashur, who had encouraged me. The one who ii 55 had never sent his messenger to the kings, my ancestors, and had never inquired about the well-being of their royal majesties — after you had deranged the mind of Uaite' Iauta', the king of the land of the Arabs, and had commanded the scattering of his land, and after he had fled to the land of the Nabayateans and ii 60 had gone before Natnu, Natnu said the following to Uaite' Iauta', iii 1 saying: "Can I myself be spared from the grasp of Ashurbanipal, whose help is the god Ashur? Nevertheless, you have made me your stronghold!" Natnu became frightened and distressed. iii 5 He sent his messenger to me to inquire about my well-being and kissed my feet. He was constantly beseeching my lordly majesty to conclude a treaty and peace agreement, and to do obeisance to me. I myself looked with pleasure upon him and turned my benevolent face towards him. I imposed upon him annual tribute payment.

On account of these words which Uaite' Iauta' ... to Natnu, I became enraged ... iii 15 for a second time ... ... ... iii 20 I safely crossed the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers when they were in full spate, traveled on remote paths, climbed high mountains, crept through forests whose canopies were wide, and iii 25 constantly passed between tall trees, thorn bushes, brambles, and paths filled with eddittu-bushes. Through desert — a place of parching thirst iii 30 in which no bird of the heavens, onagers, or gazelles exist — a distance of one hundred leagues from Nineveh, the city loved by the goddess Ishtar — the wife of the god Enlil — I advanced and marched against Uaite', the king of the land of the Arabs.

In the month Simanu III, the month of the god Sîn — the eldest and foremost son of the god Enlil — on the twenty-fifth day, the procession of the Lady of Babylon, the honored one of the great gods, I set out from the city Hadattâ and iii 40 set up my camp at the city Laribda, a stone fortress, next to water cisterns. My troops drew water to fill their drinking vessels, and then advanced and marched iii 45 through a land of parching thirst lit. "a land of thirst and a place of parching" as far as the city Hurarina, which is between the cities Yarki and Azalla, in the desert, a distant place where there are no creatures of the steppe iii 50 and where no bird of the heavens makes its nest. They brought about a defeat among the Yisamme', the confederation of the god Atar-samayin, and the Nabayateans. iii 55 They lit. "I" plundered countless people, donkeys, camels, and sheep and goats. My troops marched about on the right and left over a distance of eight leagues. They returned safely and drank water in the city Azalla.

They my troops advanced and marched from the city Azalla to the city Qurashiti, a distance of six leagues through a place of parching thirst. iv 1 They lit. "I" surrounded the confederation of the god Atar-samayin and the Qederites of Uaite', son of Bir-Dada, the king of the land of the Arabs and Qederites. iv 5 As for his gods, his mother, his sisters, his wife, his family, the people of the land Qedar, all of it, donkeys, camels, and sheep and goats, as many as I had captured with the support of the god Ashur, my lord, I made them take the road to the city Damascus.

In the month Abu V, the month of the bow-star — the warrior, daughter of the god Sîn — on the third day, the day of the evening meal of the king of the gods — the god Marduk — I set out from the city Damascus. I advanced and marched a distance of six leagues, iv 15 all night until daybreak, as far as the city Hulhuliti, at Mount Hukkuruna, a rugged mountain. iv 20 I reached the confederation of Abi-Yate', son of Te'ri, the Qederite. I brought about his defeat and plundered him. As for Abi-Yate' and Aya-ammu, son of Te'ri, by the command of the god Ashur, my lord, I captured them alive in the thick of battle. iv 25 I placed their hands and feet in iron fetters and took them to Assyria — to the fortified city Nineveh that you generously granted me — together with plunder from their land.

The fugitives who had fled from my weapons became frightened and took to Mount Hukkuruna, a rugged mountain. In the cities Manhabbi, Apparu, Tenuquri, Shayuran, Marqanâ, Saratein,

I hung their corpses on poles. I conscripted the rest of them to my royal contingent.

... from the beginning ... he sent me ... my exalted strength ... which he had constantly done ... which he had abandoned

No translation possible

As for Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam who had seen the rage of your mighty weapons, he returned from the mountains, his place of refuge, and he entered the city Madaktu, a city that I had destroyed, demolished, and plundered by the command of your divinity. He sat down in mourning.

With regard to Nabû-bel-shumati, grandson of Marduk-apla-iddina II Merodach-baladan, who had sinned against your treaty

Pa'ê, who had exercised dominion over the land Elam in opposition to Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, thought about the awe-inspiring brilliance of your fierce weapons that you had poured over the land Elam, not once or twice, but thrice, and he became disheartened. vi 5 He fled to me from within the land Elam and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

As for the people, the survivors of the cities Bit-Imbî, Kushurtayin, Dur-sharri, Massutu, Bubê, Bit-Unzaya, vi 10 Bit-Arrabi, Ibrat, Dimtu-sha-Tapapa, Akbarina, Gurukirra, Dunni-Shamash, Hamanu, Kanishu, Aranziashe, alu-sha-naqidate, Dimtu-sha-Simame, vi 15 Bit-Qatatti, Alu-sha-Qisaya, Subahê, and Til-Humban, who had fled from your mighty weapons during a previous campaign of mine and had taken to Mount lit. "city" Salatri, a rugged mountain — vi 20 as for those people who had established Mount lit. "city" Salatri, a mountain, as their defensive position, your awe-inspiring brilliance overwhelmed them and they fled to me from the mountains, their place of refuge, and grasped my feet. vi 25 I conscripted them as archers and added them to my royal contingent, which you had placed in my hands.

As for Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam whom from the distant past you had commanded to do obeisance to me — by your exalted command, which cannot be changed, vi 30 afterwards his land rebelled against him. He then fled alone from the rebellion that his servants had incited against him and he took to the mountains. From the mountains, his place of refuge where he had always fled, I caught him like a falcon and took him alive to Assyria.

As for Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam whom from the distant past you had commanded to do obeisance to me — by your exalted command, which cannot be changed, vi 40 afterwards his land rebelled against him. He then fled alone from the rebellion that his servants had incited against him and he took to the mountains. ... ... ...

O Ashur, the great mountain, ..., the sublime one who resides in Ehursaggalkurkurra, ..., the lord of the crown, ... ... by whose exalted command ..., 5 the fierce deluge ..., who, by the weapons of his mighty battle array, ... and together with mankind ... you swept over them like ... you imposed ... on the lands ....

Dunanu, son of Bel-iqisha, ... who spoke words of ... and you, king of the gods .... Him, together with his family ... who to Sargon II ... 15 kings who preceded me .... Moreover, he, Aplaya ... who constantly harassed ... their evil deeds ... to exact revenge for the mention of ... 20 you became angry with them and you handed them over to me. ... I slaughtered them like sheep ....

The might of your great divinity ... which ... me, Ashurbanipal ... in whose youth his father ... 25 and you, the king of the gods, the merciful one, ... you nominated me ... which to restore the sanctuaries of Assyria, ... you entrusted me with the conquering of the land of your enemy ....

Moreover, Teumman, the king of the land Elam, ... assembled and was marching .... He trusted in his own strength ... which to destroy and to create ... rev. 5 you conquered that Elamite, the enemy .... You cut off his head in the assembly of his troops ... I proclaimed your exalted greatness .... In accordance with these, the weapons of the god Ashur ... the mighty enemy who trusted in ....

Moreover, the Manneans who cast off your yoke ... to the cries of widows and ... and the Urartians of base talk ... made speak to the barbarian horde, a dangerous enemy, ... they constantly committed a great sin against you ....

Now, O great Ashur, by your command ..., the honored one of the gods, the great lady, ... regarding the conquering of this enemy ... I have appealed to your great divinity, O king of the gods .... Listen to my supplications, accept my prayers, ... rev. 20 By your exalted command, ... the wrong doers ..., may I constantly look upon your radiant face ... may I constantly kneel down before you ....

Letter of Ashurbanipal ... to the god Ashur, who resides in Ehursaggalkurkurra, ... rev. 25 to accept his prayers ... to overthrow his enemy and to kill his foes ....

For the god Ashur, king of the gods, ... who carries out ... who like the god Shamash ... who in the month Nisan I ... 5 whom the king ... whom the deity ... in ... to ....

Taharqa ... weapons .... Against the people of Assyria who were inside Egypt, servants who belonged to me, he dispatched his army to kill, rob, and plunder them.

A fast messenger came to Nineveh and reported this to me. My heart became enraged about these deeds and my temper turned hot. I summoned my field marshal and governors, together with troops under their authority, my elite forces, and they traveled furiously and quickly and marched as far as the city Kar-Banite to aid the kings and governors, servants who belonged to me.

Taharqa, the king of Kush, heard about the advance of my troops while he was inside the city Memphis and mustered his troops to wage an armed, pitched battle; he formed a battle line opposite my troops. With the support of the god Ashur and the great gods, my lords who march at my side,

... ... the goddess Sherua ... the god Anu, whose command cannot be changed, ... the god Ashur, canal inspector of heaven and netherworld, the god ....

That which is written upon the processional carriage of the god Ashur ....

... in ... in ... .... As a result of the supplications and entreaties that ... 5' Taharqa, the king of Egypt and Kush ... in order to wage war and fight .... The awe-inspiring radiance of the god Erra, the warrior ..., he abandoned the city Memphis and, in order to save his own life, he fled inside the city Thebes. I seized that city Memphis and then made my troops enter and reside there ... 10' ... ... ... ...

... ... ... the kings, governors, and officials whom the father who had engendered me had appointed in Egypt, who had abandoned their posts in the face of Taharqa's tactical advance, and had gone to lit. "filled" the countryside, where their posts were I permitted them to serve in their former positions again. ... who had abandoned me and ... with Taharqa ..., as long as I ... in Egypt and Kush ....

When I did not stay, Urtaku, the king of the land Elam, to fight .... The gods Nergal and Ishum struck him with an incurable wound and .... Urtaku, the king of the land Elam, no longer set foot upon the land of the living ....

Afterwards, Tanutamon, the son of his sister, who sat upon his royal throne, made the cities Thebes and Heliopolis his fortresses and assembled his forces. To fight against the Assyrian troops who were inside the city Memphis, he mobilized his battle array, confined those people of Assyria, and cut off their escape route ....

Through reason and counsel, which the great gods taught me, I took the direct road a second time to ... Makan Egypt and Meluhha Ethiopia. Tanutamon heard about the advance of my expeditionary force and that I had set foot on Egyptian territory; he abandoned the city Memphis and, in order to save his own life, he fled inside the city Thebes. The kings, governors, and officials whom I had stationed in Egypt came to meet me and kissed my feet.

I took the road in pursuit of Tanutamon and I marched as far as the city Thebes, his fortified city. He saw the assault of my battle array and abandoned the city Thebes; he fled to the city Kipkipi. With the support of the gods Nergal and Ishum, I conquered that city Thebes in its entirety.

Silver, gold, precious stones, as much property of his palace as there was, garments with multi-colored trim, linen garments, large horses, people — male and female — two tall obelisks cast with shiny zahalû-metal, whose weight was 2,500 talents and which stood at a temple gate, I ripped them from where they were erected and took them to Assyria.

On my return march, ... who had not bowed down to the kings, my ancestors, ... they came to me and kissed my feet. ..., I added territory to that of the kings, my ancestors, and ruled it.

By the command of the god Ashur, ..., the god Nergal, ..., and the god Ishum ...

... as king ... my command. ... who did not honor my treaty ... sided with Shamash-shuma-ukin, my hostile brother, Tammaritu rebelled against him Ummanigash and struck him, together with his family, down with the sword. Tammaritu, who was even more insolent than Ummanigash, sat on the throne of the land Elam.

Just like him Ummanigash, he Tammaritu accepted bribes from the hands of Shamash-shuma-ukin, did not inquire about the well-being of my royal majesty, came to the aid of Shamash-shuma-ukin, and hastily sent his weapons to fight with my troops. Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and sat on his throne. Tammaritu fled to me from Indabibi and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

Inside the land Elam, they the Elamites heard about the progress of the messenger of mine whom I had sent to the city Der. With the support of the god Ashur ... and the god Nergal, ..., fear of my royal majesty overwhelmed the land Elam and then the people of the land Elam rebelled against Indabibi and killed him with the sword. They placed Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, son of Atta-metu, on the throne of the land Elam.

By the command of the god Ashur and the god Nergal, Tammaritu made an appeal to my lordly majesty to decide his case and to come to his aid. I, Ashurbanipal, the magnanimous and forbearing one, with the support of the god Ashur and the god Nergal, the gods who supported me, rev. 15 mustered my troops for a second time and gave the command to march against Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam. I drove away Ummanaldashu, the king of the land Elam, and he fled from my weapons and took to the mountains lit. "ascended his mountain".

As for Umba-LAGABua, who sat on the throne of the land Elam in opposition to Ummanaldashu, he abandoned the city Bubilu, a city that was a lordly residence of his, and took to the depths of far away waters.

As for Tammaritu, who had fled to me and grasped my feet, I installed him as king inside the city Susa.

He forgot the kindness that I had done for him, in having sent aid to him, and constantly sought out evil ways to conquer my troops. The god Ashur, king of the gods, and the god Nergal, the exalted lord, who march before me and allowed me to stand over my foes, saw the dangerous and rebellious thoughts of Tammaritu and delivered him into my hand: They removed him from his royal throne and then made him return and bow down at my feet.

For a third time, the god Ashur, the exalted lord, the god Nergal, the hero of the gods, and the god Ishum, whose hands are fitting, encouraged me and commanded me to march to the land Elam. rev. 25 Like the city Bit-Imbî, which I had conquered during a previous campaign of mine, I now conquered the rest of the land Rashi and the city Hamanu, along with its district. Moreover he, Ummanaldashu, the king of the land Elam, heard about the conquest of the land Rashi and the city Hamanu and fear of the god Ashur, my lord, and the awe-inspiring radiance of the god Nergal, my god who marches at my side, overwhelmed him and then he abandoned the city Madaktu, a royal city of his, and fled to the city Dur-Undasi. He crossed the Idide River and established that river as his defensive position. He prepared himself to fight with me.

I conquered the cities Natitu, Bit-Bunakku, Hartappanu, royal cities of his, along with their districts. I conquered the city Tubu, along with its district.

As for the entire area between the Ulaya and Idide rivers, I conquered the cities Madaktu, Haltemash, and Susa, royal cities of his. I conquered the cities Dinsharri, Sumuntunash, Pidilma, Bubilu, and Kabinak, royal cities of his. I conquered the city Dur-Undasi, a royal city of his.

I conquered, destroyed, demolished, and burned with fire fourteen cities, his royal residences, together with smaller settlements, which were without number, and twelve districts that were in the land Elam, all of it. I turned them into mounds of ruins lit. "mounds and ruins". I slew his warriors without number. I struck down his elite fighting men with the sword.

Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam, fled naked and took to the mountains.

... the city Banunu ... twenty villages ... Over an area of sixty leagues ....

On my return march, ...

... ... ...s, donkeys, oxen, ... I took to Assyria ....

On a march of one month and twenty-five days, I devastated the districts of the land Elam and scattered salt and cress over them lit. "it".

I cut off the clamor of humans, the sound of the treading of oxen, sheep and goats, and the cries of pleasant work songs and so ruined his harvest.

As for the goddess Nanaya, who 1,530 years ago became angry and went to live in the land Elam, a place not befitting her, then, at that time when she nominated me for ruling over the lands, she entrusted me with the return of her lordly majesty, saying: "Ashurbanipal will bring me out of the evil land Elam and make me enter Eanna again."

The words of her divine command that she had spoken in distant days, she now disclosed to the people of a later generation. I grasped the hands of her great divinity. She took the direct path, which pleases the heart, to Eanna. I made her enter into Uruk and made her dwell on her eternal dais in Ehiliana, which she loves.

At that time, I made ... of his great divinity, which is arrayed in terror, the brilliance of ... the gateways of Egallammes, the bed chamber of the god Nergal that is inside the city Tarbishu.

... his benevolent protection and his beneficent aegis ... rev. 15' may ... be granted and may ... ... with his great support ... the god Ishum, the famous one who marches before me, ... the god Nergal, mightiest of the gods, through the slaughter of life ... may they slaughter ....

I cut off the clamor of humans, the sound of the treading of oxen, sheep and goats, and the cries of pleasant work songs and so ruined his harvest.

As for the goddess Nanaya, who 1,530 years ago became angry and went to live in the land Elam, a place not befitting her, then, at that time when she nominated me for ruling over the lands, she entrusted me with the return of her lordly majesty, saying: "Ashurbanipal will bring me out of the evil land Elam and make me enter Eanna again."

The words of her divine command that she had spoken in distant days, she now disclosed to the people of a later generation. I grasped the hands of her great divinity. She took the direct path, which pleases the heart, to Eanna. I made her enter into Uruk and made her dwell on her eternal dais in Ehiliana, which she loves.

At that time, I made lion-headed eagles of shiny silver ... of his great divinity, which are arrayed in terror, the brilliance of ..., rev. 10' the protectors of the gateways of the temple, ... ... the gateways of Egallammes, the bed chamber of the god Nergal that is inside the city Tarbishu.

... his undertakings ...

For the goddess Ishtar, the exalted lady who resides in the city Arbela, ... ..., who subjugates ... Ashurbanipal, whom to/for ... ..., whom you gave the just scepter, which expands the land, whom you presented ... ..., 5 the one called by the goddess Dilbat the planet Venus, the daughter of the god Enlil, the lady of ..., whom Ishtar, the daughter of the god Sîn, ... to subjugate his enemies ....

During the month Abu V — the month of the heliacal rising of the Bow Star, the festival of the honored queen, the daughter of the god Enlil the goddess Ishtar — I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, lifted up my pure hands to the goddess Ishtar .... On account of the insolent words that Teumman, the king of the land Elam, had continually sent to me, I made an appeal to the sublime one, the goddess Ishtar. 10 I stood before her, knelt down at her feet lit. "below her", and made an appeal to her divinity, while my tears were flowing, saying:

"O Lady of the city Arbela! I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the creation of your hands whom the god Ashur — the father who had engendered you — requires, whose name he has called to restore the sanctuaries of Assyria and to complete the cult centers of the land Akkad, I am assiduous towards your places of worship. I have come here to revere your divinity and successfully complete your rituals. However, he, Teumman, the king of the land Elam who does not respect the gods, is fully prepared to fight with my troops."

"You, the lady of ladies, the goddess of war, the lady of battle, the advisor of the gods — her ancestors — the one who spoke good things about me before the god Ashur — the father who had engendered you — so that by his pure glance he desired me to be king, to please the heart of the god Ashur and to pacify the mood of the god Marduk ... ... ... — with regard to Teumman, the king of the land Elam who placed a burden on the god Ashur, the king of the gods, the father who had engendered you, and on the god Marduk, your favorite brother, the god Shamash, ... ... ... ... 20 and on me, Ashurbanipal — whose name you made surpassing in order to pacify the hearts of the god Ashur and the god Marduk ... — he mustered his army and prepared for battle, sharpening his weapons in order to march to Assyria."

"You, the heroic one of the gods, drive him away like a ... in the thick of battle and then raise a storm, an evil wind, against him."

The goddess Ishtar heard my sorrowful plight and said to me "Fear not!" She gave me confidence, saying: "Because of your entreaties, which you directed towards me, and because your eyes were filled with tears, I had mercy on you."

The other day, a dream interpreter, who during the course of the night that I had appealed to her, lay down and saw a dream. He woke up and then reported to me the night vision of the goddess Ishtar that she had shown him, saying:

"The goddess Ishtar who resides in the city Arbela entered and she had quivers hanging on the right and left. She was holding a bow at her side and was unsheathing a sharp sword that was ready to do battle. You Ashurbanipal stood before her and she was speaking to you like your own birth-mother. rev. 1 The goddess Ishtar, the sublime one of the gods, called out to you, instructing you, saying: 'You are looking forward to waging war and I myself am about to set out towards my destination the battlefield.' You then spoke to her, saying: 'Let me go with you, wherever you go, O Lady of Ladies!' She replied to you, saying: 'You will stay in the place where you are currently residing. rev. 5 Eat food, drink wine, make music, and revere my divinity. In the meantime, I will go and accomplish this task; thus I will let you achieve your heart's desire. Your face will not become pale, your feet will not tremble, and you will not wipe off your sweat in the thick of battle.' She took you into her sweet embrace and protected your entire body. Fire flared up in front of her. She went off furiously outside. She directed her attention towards Teumman, the king of the land Elam with whom she was angry."

In the month Tashritu VII, on the first day, they converged on them and ..., they cast down the body of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, .... From Susa, his royal city, to Nineveh, the city beloved .... To the cities, the cult centers that are the seats of the goddesses who ....

At that time, I held this bow in my hands ... over the decapitated head of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, .... I saw and paid careful attention to the might of the goddess Ishtar, my lady, .... This bow, which is suitable to be at my side, which I pray ... to the goddess Ishtar, who conquers my enemies, ... rev. 20 on the throne-dais, the seat of the goddess Ishtar, the lady ... .... Wherever the goddess Ishtar, my lady, goes to wage war ..., may it always go well with the goddess Ishtar, my lady, ....

Whoever ... this bow, the work of its construction ..., may the goddess Ishtar, the sublime one of the gods, ... break his bow and ....

No translation possible

... ... he Teumman sent insolent words to me.

During the month Abu V — the month of the heliacal rising of the Bow Star — I made an appeal to the goddess Ishtar, the queen, the lady of ladies. ... and I made an appeal to her divinity, while my tears were flowing, saying:

"O Divine Lady of the city Arbela! I, Ashurbanipal, the governor, the creation of your hands whom the god Ashur — the Enlil of the gods, the father who had engendered you — requires ... I have come here to revere your divinity ... ... ...

... ... ... the one who disturbs my emblems and does not write the mention of my name on it/them, may the goddess Ishtar ... glare at him angrily and completely overthrow his kingship.

...+41 lines ... of the goddess Ishtar, who resides in the city Arbela.

... placed ... ... graves ... to their side ... ... you changed them from a man into a woman ... 5' ... their fortified watering place ... awe-inspiring brilliance ... the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar like ... battle like an engineer ... in all directions daggers ... 10' ... the position of the merciless arrow ... spears, the weapons of the god Ashur that conquer ... I grasped the bows of Ishtar, the lady of battle, ... your axes that cannot ... ... constantly flash like lightning ....

... to strike down the Elamite whose ... they converged on them in the month Tashritu VII and ... I cast down the body of Teumman, the king of the land Elam, ... I slew his warriors without number ... I captured his fighting men alive ... their ... ... ...

For the goddess Ishtar, ... who in ... ... who resides in Egashankalama, ... his lady —

I, Ashurbanipal, ... who performs her cultic rites, ...; offspring of Esarhaddon, ... through these deeds of mine ... a mighty bow, an emblem of ... instead of me, my foes .... 10 Wherever conflict and battle ... in mighty victories ... the kings who were not submissive to me ... ....

As for Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, who rebelled ... and who came to the aid of Shamash-shuma-ukin and hastily sent his weapons to fight with my troops, by the command of the goddess Ishtar, my lady, his servants rebelled against him and struck down my adversary.

As for Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, along with Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash, Para..., rev. 1 Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash, son of Teumman, a former king of the land Elam, Ummanamni, son of Ummanpi', son of Urtaku, a former king of the land Elam, Ummanamni, grandson of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash II, a former king of the land Elam, ..., with seventeen members of his family, the seed of his father's house, and with eighty-eight nobles of the land Elam who march at his side, rev. 5 who had flown away from the weapons of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar — to praise their great divinity, they crawled naked on their bellies, together with Marduk-sharru-ushur, a eunuch of mine whom they had taken away with them by force, and they grasped the feet of my royal majesty. He Tammaritu handed himself over to do obeisance to me and made an appeal to my lordly majesty to be his ally.

At that time, I gave this bow to the goddess Ishtar ... and presented it as a prayer .... On account of the might of the goddess Ishtar ... this gold bow ... May the goddess Ishtar, who resides in the city Arbela ... the rest of my foes ....

Thirty lines which are written upon the gold bow of the goddess Ishtar who resides in the city Arbela.

No translation possible

As for Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, ... ... ... 5' who hastily sent his weapons to fight with my troops, by the command of the goddess Ishtar, my lady, his servants rebelled against him and together struck down my adversary. ... and ....

As for Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, along with Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash, Para..., Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash, son of Teumman, a former king of the land Elam, Ummanamni, son of Ummanpi', son of Urtaku, a former king of the land Elam, 10' Ummanamni, grandson of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash II, a former king of the land Elam, ..., with seventeen members of his family, the seed of his father's house, and with eighty-eight nobles of the land Elam who march at his side, who had flown away from the weapons of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar — to praise their great divinity, rev. 1 they crawled naked on their bellies, together with Marduk-sharru-ushur, a eunuch of mine whom they had taken away with them by force, and they grasped the feet of my royal majesty. He Tammaritu handed himself over to do obeisance to me and made an appeal to my lordly majesty to be his ally.

As for Tammaritu, who ... the kindness that I had done for him ..., the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar ...

... ... ... my ... ... his servants rebelled against him and together cut down my adversary.

As for Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam, that one along with Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash, Para..., Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash, son of Teumman, a former king of the land Elam, Ummanamni, son of Ummanpi', son of Urtaku, a former king of the land Elam, Ummanamni, grandson of Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash II, a former king of the land Elam, ..., with seventeen members of his family, the seed of his father's house, and with eighty-eight nobles of the land Elam who march at his side, who had flown away from the weapons of the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar — to praise their great divinity, 10' they crawled naked on their bellies, together with Marduk-sharru-ushur, a eunuch of mine whom they had taken away with them by force, and they grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

... ... ... ... ... ... of the throne, the father who engendered me, ... you entrusted me with ....

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; son of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; 10 grandson of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; had a ... of musukkannu-wood, a durable wood, with silver mountings made ... of her great divinity and I set it up before her.

May the goddess Ishtar ... look upon ... with pleasure and may it be acceptable to her. rev. 1 ... may my reign be long, ... may ... be set upon her lips.

... whom the deities ... nominate ..., when ... becomes old and dilapidated, ... may he write my name with his name ... may the goddess Ishtar ... hear his supplications.

As for the one who ... and writes his own name, may the goddess Ishtar ... and may she make his name and seed disappear from the land.

... of the city Arbela.

... ... ... descendant of Sennacherib, king of Assyria; descendant of Sargon II, king of Assyria — after the great gods commanded me to exercise rulership with ... and entrusted me with the governing of the lands and the subjugating of enemies, kings of the east and west came and kissed my feet.

Taharqa, without the consent of the gods, made a serious attempt to take away Egypt for .... He scorned the might of the god Ashur, my lord, and trusted in his own strength. The harsh deeds that the father who had engendered me had performed against him did not cross his mind. He came and entered the city Memphis, and then turned that city over to himself. 10' Against the people of Assyria who were inside Egypt, servants who belonged to me, whom Esarhaddon — king of Assyria, the father who had engendered me — had appointed as kings there, he dispatched his army to kill, rob, and plunder them.

A fast messenger came to Nineveh and reported this to me. My heart became enraged about these deeds and my temper turned hot. 15' I summoned my field marshal and governors, together with the troops under their authority, my elite forces, and I quickly gave the order to them to support and aid the kings and governors, servants who belonged to me, and I made them take the road to Egypt. They traveled furiously and quickly and marched as far as the city Kar-Banite.

Taharqa, the king of Kush, heard about the advance of my troops while he was inside the city Memphis and 20' mustered his troops to wage an armed, pitched battle; he formed a battle line opposite my troops. With the support of the gods Ashur and Sîn, the great gods, my lords who march at my side, they my troops brought about his defeat in a pitched battle. They cut down with the sword the troops upon which he relied.

As for him Taharqa, terror and fear fell upon him and he went into a frenzy. He escaped from the city Memphis, his royal city and a place upon which he relied and, 25' in order to save his own life, he boarded a boat, abandoned his camp, fled alone, and entered the city Thebes.

They my army captured as many warships as there were with him, as well as his combat troops. A messenger told me the good news that I had been waiting for. 30' To banish Taharqa from Egypt and Kush, I added to my former forces the chief eunuch, the governors, and all of the kings of Across the River Syria-Palestine, servants who belonged to me, together with their forces and their boats, as well as the kings of Egypt, servants who belonged to me, together with their forces and their boats, and I sent them to the city Thebes, the fortified city of Taharqa, the king of Kush. They went on a march of one month and ten days. 35' Taharqa heard about the advance of my troops, and then abandoned the city Thebes, his fortified city, crossed the Nile River, and pitched camp on the other side.

Necho, Sharru-lu-dari, and Pa-qruru, kings whom the father who had engendered me had installed in Egypt, transgressed the treaty sworn by the god Ashur and the great gods, my lords, and then broke their oaths. They forgot the kindness of the father who had engendered me, and their hearts plotted evil deeds. 40' They spoke words of treachery and decided among themselves on a profitless decision, saying: "If they remove Taharqa from Egypt, how then can we ourselves stay?" To establish treaties and peace, they dispatched their mounted messengers to Taharqa, the king of Kush, saying: "Let peace be established between us so that we can come to a mutual agreement. Let us divide the land among ourselves so that no other lord comes between us." 45' With regard to the numerous troops of Assyria, the might of my lordly majesty, they constantly sought out evil plans; they plotted to cut their throats and strove to completely destroy them.

Eunuchs of mine heard these words and outwitted their cunning plans. They seized their mounted messengers, along with their messages, and they saw their deceitful acts. They seized Sharru-lu-dari and Necho and clamped their hands and feet in fetters and handcuffs. 50' The oath sworn by the god Ashur, the king of the gods, defeated them and my kindness, which I had done for them as a favor, called to account those who had sinned against the great treaties.

Moreover, they my troops cut down with the sword the people of the cities, as many as had sided with them and plotted evil plans, young and old, and they did not spare a single person among them. Furthermore, they brought them Necho and Sharru-lu-dari to Nineveh, my capital city, before me.

Moreover, I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the magnanimous one who performs acts of kindness and repays good deeds, had mercy on Necho, a servant who belonged to me whom the father who had engendered me had appointed as king in the city Kar-bel-matati, and I forgave his crimes. I made the treaty sworn by the gods more stringent than the previous one and I established it with him.

I encouraged him Necho and then clothed him in garments with multi-colored trim, placed on him a golden hoe, an insignia of his kingship, and fastened gold bracelets around his wrists. On a belt-dagger with gold mountings, I wrote out my name and I gave it to him. I presented him with chariots, horses, and mules to be his lordly transport. I sent with him eunuchs of mine and governors to help him. 65' Where the father who had engendered me had appointed him as king, in the city Sais, whose name is now the city Kar-bel-matati, I returned him to his position. I performed more kind and good deeds for him than the father who had engendered me. Moreover, I installed Nabû-shezibanni, his son, as king in the city Athribis, whose name is now Limmer-ishâk-Ashur.

As for Taharqa, the king of Kush, terror and fear of my lordly majesty overwhelmed him and he passed away. Tanutamon, the son of his sister, sat upon his throne and governed the land. He made the city Thebes his fortress and assembled his forces. rev. 1 To wage war and battle against my troops, he mobilized his weapons and took the road. With the support of the gods Ashur, Sîn, and the great gods, my lords, they my troops brought about his defeat in a widespread pitched battle and scattered his forces. Tanutamon fled alone and entered the city Thebes, his royal city. rev. 5 They went after him on a march of one month and ten days, on difficult roads, as far as the city Thebes. They conquered that city in its entirety and flattened it like the Deluge.

They brought out of it Thebes, without number and in abundance, silver, gold, ore from its mountain, precious stones, any precious object, the treasures of his palace, garments with multi-colored trim, linen garments, large horses, people — male and female — zebus, pagû-monkeys, and uqupu-monkeys — who were raised in their mountains — and they counted them as booty. They safely carried it to Nineveh, my capital city, and kissed my feet.

As for the city Qirbit, whose location is situated inside Mount Harehasta lit. "the city Harehasta", the people living in it trusted in their rugged mountains and did not respect the dominion of Assyria. As for Tandaya and their city rulers who had never bowed down to the yoke of the kings, my ancestors, rev. 15 they were constantly plundering the land Yamutbal and devastated its pasture land. With regard to these deeds, the citizens of Der appealed to me and beseeched my lordly majesty.

I sent my eunuchs and governors against them. They conquered the city Qirbit and carried off its people. I forcibly removed the people of those cities that I had conquered and settled them in Egypt.

As for Gyges, the king of the land Lydia — a region on the opposite shore of the sea, a remote place, the mention of whose name none of the kings who came before, my ancestors, had ever heard — the god Ashur, the god who created me, made him see in a dream the strong radiance of my royal majesty, saying: "Grasp the princely feet of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, the one who is required by the god Ashur — the king of the gods, the lord of everything — and then revere his royal majesty and beseech his lordly majesty. Let your supplications go to him as one who does obeisance and gives payments." On the very day he saw this dream, he sent his mounted messenger before me to inquire about my well-being.

He Gyges sent Cimmerians, who were disturbing his land and whom he had captured alive in the thick of battle, together with his substantial audience gifts, to Nineveh, my capital city, and he Gyges' messenger kissed my feet.

As for Mugallu, the king of the land Tabal, who resides in the mountains — difficult mountain terrain — who was arrayed in weapons against the kings, my ancestors, and always answered them with disrespect, rev. 30 terror fell upon him in his land and fear of my royal majesty overwhelmed him. Without waging armed battle and war, he then sent a messenger to Nineveh and appealed to my lordly majesty. I imposed upon him a payment of large horses as his annual giving.

As for Yakin-Lû, the king of the land Arwad, who resides in the wide sea, whose location is situated like a fish in an unfathomable amount of water and the surge of powerful waves, rev. 35 who put his trust in the roiling sea and therefore had not bowed down to anyone's yoke, he became frightened of my lordly majesty and so bowed down to do obeisance to me and pulled my yoke. I imposed upon him a payment of gold, red-purple wool, blue-purple wool, fish, and birds yearly.

With the support of the great gods and the god Sîn, my lord, who dwells in the city Harran, the wicked bowed down and strong recalcitrant ones kissed my feet. rev. 40 I conquered lands that had not bowed down to me and carried off their substantial booty. I gave the best of the silver, gold, any precious object, treasures, and extensive possessions of my enemies as a gift to the gods of Assyria and the gods of the land of Sumer and Akkad.

At that time, Ehulhul, the temple of the god Sîn ... that is inside the city Harran, which Shalmaneser III, son of Ashurnasirpal II, a king of the past who had come before me, had built — rev. 45 that temple, which had become old and whose walls had buckled, I completely cleared away its dilapidated sections, exposed its foundations, and thereby discovered its surface, its innermost core. I raised up the entirety of that temple thirty courses of brick and I fashioned its brickwork.

To the east, I added onto it ... 350 cubits long and 72 cubits wide. From the rear of the city, I filled that area with 130 courses of bricks ... inside the citadel. I laid its foundations with massive blocks of strong mountain stone. I secured its foundation and I made its structure larger.

With magnificent cedars, which had grown thick and tall in size on Mount Lebanon lit. "city Lebanon", and with sweet scented cypress, upon which the god Adad had showered rain on Mount Sirara lit. "city Sirara" — which the kings of the sea coast, servants who belonged to me, had cut down at my command and had had dragged with much trouble from their mountains through difficult terrain to the city Harran — rev. 55 I covered Ehulhul, "the Dwelling of Joy," and thereby secured its roof. I fastened bands of silver on large doors of cypress and I fixed them in its gateways.

At the beginning of my kingship, I made that temple in its entirety splendid and I completed it. I clad the inner sanctum of the god Sîn, my lord, with seventy talents of shiny zahalû-silver. Two fierce wild bulls of silver, which were cast exactly the same, ... ... — rev. 60 I skillfully cast their limbs with twenty talents of eshmarû-metal and ... I stationed them in the inner sanctum of the god Sîn in order to gore my enemies to death and to trample my foes.

Two long-haired heroes of silver, repli­cas of bearded sea-creatures, ..., who hold divine emblems with both of their hands, ... — I cast their form with thirty talents and I made their adornment splendid. I installed them in the eastern gate of the cella as constant petitioners for my life.

I completely surrounded it with a frieze made with baked bricks colored with obsidian and lapis lazuli. I finished the work of that temple in its entirety through the workmanship of the god Nudimmud Ea.

I grasped the hands of the god Sîn, my lord, and then made him enter into Ehulhul during celebrations and made him dwell on his eternal dais. I offered sumptuous, pure offerings before him and presented him with my gifts.

May the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku look with pleasure upon my good deeds. May the god Sîn make auspicious omens appear ... for my ... May he ... his radiant face with the god Shamash, his offspring, and may they discuss with each other ... the securing of the foundations of my royal throne. ... may he Sîn reveal his decision with a sign concerning the cutting down of my enemies. rev. 75 ... may he have mercy at my prayers and grant my pleas. May he determine as my fate ... and years of good health and happiness. May the goddess Ningal ... remind the god Sîn, her beloved, about my good deeds and ... daily, without ceasing, may she intercede on my behalf.

In the future, as for one of the kings, my descendants, whom the god Ashur and the god Sîn nominate for ruling over the land, when this temple becomes old, grows ancient, and becomes dilapidated, may the one who renovates its dilapidated sections and restores or builds this work anew write my name with his name.

As for the one who erases my name or the name of my father or grandfather, and writes his own name, may the god Sîn, the great lord, make him suffer a severe penalty as his grievous punishment, and may he not have mercy on him.

... the text for the temple of the god Sîn of the city Harran.

For the god Sîn, the light of heaven and netherworld, ..., who is crowned with the crown of the highest rank, who ..., who marks the day, month, and year ..., who reveals the signs of the lord of the crown ..., 5 who delivers verdicts, who renders decisions for heaven and netherworld, ..., who pacifies the heart of the gods, who releases ..., who issues final command and decision, who elevates ..., without whom the gods, his brothers, could not determine the fates of those of heaven and netherworld, ...;

the god Namrashit Sîn, the light of the upper world, who illuminates the darkness, ... at whose appearance renewal is present, makes signs appear, and establishes the mood of the people, the honored one, whose divine powers are the gods Anu, Enlil, and Ea, ..., the merciful god, who takes counsel together with the god Shamash, his child, ... ..., the creator, beloved of god and goddess, who gathers to himself all divine offices of the highest rank, ..., who bestows the scepter, throne, palû-insignia, and crown of rulership, ..., who sees into the hearts of the people, who makes all settlements prosper, who resides in Ehulhul that is inside the city Harran, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, ..., the one to whom the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku have stretched out their hands, ..., the obedient governor, favorite of god and goddess, who loves correct behavior, ..., who obeys the command of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, who restores sanctuaries ...; 20 son of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, who reveres the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu; grandson of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria; the eternal seed of kingship:

I had two ... made of shiny silver ... ... ...

On the right and on the left of the cella of Ehulhul, the temple of the god Sîn, ....

On account of this, O Sîn, the great lord, when exiting and entering ... look kindly upon those lion-headed eagles and .... O Sîn, the great lord, prolong my days, grant me life, ..., rev. 5 give me a true staff, grant me a just scepter ... May the goddess Ningal, your beloved spouse, command for me the preservation of my life ... May the god Nusku, the exalted vizier, who administers the Ehulhul, ....

During a reign in the distant future, when this work becomes dilapidated and old, may he restore these lion-headed eagles, my handiwork, not change my handiwork, and return them to their place. May he write on them the praise of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and the mention of my name with his own name and deposit them for all time.

As for the one who removes these lion-headed eagles from the gate of Ehulhul, the temple of the god Sîn, my lord, and refashions their metal for another work, or destroys the praise of the god Sîn, my lord, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Sîn, the great lord, make inauspicious omens about him appear in heaven and netherworld and not ....

That which is written upon the lion-headed eagles of Ehulhul, the temple of the god Sîn of the city Harran.

For the goddess Ningal, who makes life pleasant, goddess worthy of praise, mother of the gods, the heroic one, the gracious wild cow, whose face is radiant, whose features always shine brightly like daylight, 5 wife of the divine light Sîn — foremost lord, resplendent one, light of the distant heavens — who bore the god Shamash — the one who lights up the four quarters of the world, whose judgement and decision are final ... — who intercedes for the light of the gods, her beloved, the god Sîn, who gives counsel and says favorable things to the god Shamash, her child, who makes the words of prayers pleasing, who appoints the king who reveres her; 10 the ruler, merciful one, who accepts petitions, who dwells in Egipar that is inside the city Harran, the great lady, his lady —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; son of Esarhaddon, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; grandson of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; 15 the king beloved by the gods Sîn and Shamash, pious prince, favorite of the deities Ningal and Nusku, one whom they firmly chose with their steadfast hearts and commanded his exercising the kingship for all time:

I had as many as such-and-such poles of shashugu-wood made, wood pieces of equal size whose strength was very great. I inlaid their top and bottom ends with reddish gold amounting to such-and-such weight and thus I made their caps shine like daylight. I established this work for her divinity for lasting years and for long into the distant future in order to carry around her great divinity whenever she goes forth from the akitu-house.

On account of this, may the goddess Ningal, pre-eminent one of the goddesses, resplendent one, ..., look kindly upon these poles and with pleasure ... the goddess Ningal ... ... ... ... rev. 1 ... ... ... ... may he set and protect ... ... may the god Shamash continually renew and may ....

During a reign in the distant future, when even one among these poles becomes dilapidated and sustains damage, may he restore these poles, not change my handiwork, and return them to their place. May he respect the oath sworn by the goddess Ningal, my lady, and the praise of the great gods, who support me, and rev. 10 may he write on it the mention of my good name, which the gods Ashur and Marduk had made greater than those of all other rulers, with his own name and deposit it for the future. May the god Sîn and the goddess Ningal accept his handiwork with pleasure and grant his prayers.

But as for the one who removes these poles and refashions its mountings for another work, or destroys the praise of the goddess Ningal, my lady, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Sîn, the great lord, make his living quarters so terrifying to him that he must roam around outside, and rev. 20 may the goddess Ningal, the great lady, release his harness-broken steeds and smash his yoke.

This is what is written upon the poles of the goddess Ningal.

For the god Nusku, supreme lord, exalted judge, who oversees the nindabû-offerings for all the Igigu and the Anunnaku gods, who administers the Ekur, bright light that lights up the night, powerful fire, friend of the god Shamash, the judge, holy god, who purifies god and man, who lights up the darkness, who lights up the dark like the sun;

the god Nusku, supreme one, heroic god, who burns up evil ones, whose flames scorch the land of the insubmissive, who introduces command and directive, who oversees the Igigu and Anunnaku gods, ... instructions, who provides strewn offerings, who quickly dispatches the meal-offerings for the great gods ... his fathers;

supreme heir of Ekur, who renders decisions for cities like the divine light Sîn and proclaims truth, who carries out the cultic rites of the office of supreme power, who keeps secrets, without whom no deliberation is held in Ekur, who watches over the command of everything, who constantly brings instructions before the god Sîn, the divine light;

righteous judge, who sees the mind of the people, who purifies the just and the wicked like the Divine River, who keeps truth and justice pure, whom the king of the gods, the god Namrashit Sîn, commissioned to destroy the malicious, the exalted vizier, who proclaims good things, whose decision cannot be altered and whose command cannot be changed;

... ... the wicked, who destroys enemies, the one to whom injustice and deceitful acts are an abomination, who strikes foes with lightning, who goes out and walks along the streets of his city to give judgement and decision, 15 ..., who accepts prayers, who shows benevolent mercy to the one who obeys him, ..., who makes the just prevail, who dwells in Emelamana which is inside the city Harran, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, capable governor, who reveres the great gods, ... for whom the prince, the divine light Sîn, desired ... the temple and dais, ... and whose rulership he made great, 20 ... whom the goddess Ningal ... guided and ... ... before the god Sîn, her beloved, ... about whom you, ... of the divine light Sîn, spoke favorably before the father of the one who had begotten you;

... may he always give the order to preserve my life and constantly implore you for my life.

During a reign in the distant future, when this ... becomes dilapidated and old, may he restore this ..., my handiwork, not change my handiwork, and return it to its place. May he respect the oath sworn by the god Nusku, my lord, and the praise of the great gods, who support me, and rev. 5' may he write the mention of my good name, which the gods Ashur and Marduk had made greater than those of all other rulers, with his own name and deposit it for the future. May the god Nusku and the goddess Sadarnunna look kindly upon his handiwork and grant his prayers.

As for the one who removes this ... from the gate of Emelamana and refashions its metal for another work, or destroys the praise of the god Nusku, my lord, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Nusku, the just vizier, beloved of the god Sîn, constantly speak inauspicious words about him before the god Sîn, the one who had begotten him.

That which is written upon the ... of Emelamana, the temple of the god Nusku of the city Harran.

For the god Nusku, supreme lord, exalted judge, who oversees the nindabû-offerings for all the Igigu and the Anunnaku gods, who administers the Ekur, bright light that lights up the night, powerful fire, friend of the god Shamash, the judge, holy god, who purifies god and man, who lights up the darkness, who lights up the dark like the sun;

the god Nusku, supreme one, heroic god, who burns up evil ones, whose flames scorch the land of the insubmissive, who introduces command and directive, who oversees the Igigu and Anunnaku gods, ... instructions, who provides strewn offerings, who quickly dispatches the meal-offerings for the great gods ... his fathers;

supreme heir of Ekur, who renders decisions for cities like the divine light Sîn and proclaims truth, who carries out the cultic rites of the office of supreme power, who keeps secrets, without whom no deliberation is held in Ekur, who watches over the command of everything, who constantly reports instructions before the god Sîn, the divine light;

righteous judge, who sees the mind of the people, who purifies the just and the wicked like the Divine River, who keeps truth and justice pure, whom the king of the gods, the god Namrashit Sîn, commissioned to destroy the malicious, the exalted vizier, who proclaims good things, whose decision cannot be altered and whose command cannot be changed;

... the wicked, who destroys enemies, the one to whom injustice and deceitful acts are an abomination, who strikes foes with lightning, who goes out and walks along the streets of his city to give judgement and decision, 15 ..., who accepts prayers, who shows benevolent mercy to the one who obeys him, ..., who makes the just prevail, who dwells in Emelamana that is inside the city Harran, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, capable governor, who reveres the great gods, ... for whom the prince, the divine light Sîn, desired ... the temple and dais, ... ... ... and whose rulership he made great, 20 ... whom the goddess Ningal ... guided and ... ... ... before the god Sîn, her beloved, ... about whom you, ... of the divine light Sîn, spoke favorably before the father of the one who had begotten you; son of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, who reveres the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu; grandson of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria; true shepherd who cares for his people:

I had an arch of reddish gold made whose weight amounts to such-and-such, a kiplu-adornment for the gate ... of Emelamana, the temple of the god Nusku, my lord, that is inside the city Harran, and I made it shine bright like daylight. ... ... I made it shine bright like the sun and made it shine like daylight. ... I made it as adornment for Emelamana.

On account of this, O Nusku, ... of the god Sîn, look upon ... with pleasure and constantly bless my royal majesty ... to make ... firm and to make its work secure ... when you joyfully enter into the ... of Emelamana before the god Sîn ... ... that you meet with the god Sîn and hold deliberation rev. 5 ... may your mind desire and may your divinity accept ... with Emelamana, the seat of your divinity, may my days be long.

... bring my petition and good things about me before the god Namrashit Sîn, the father who had begotten you ... in the place of judgement and decision, always answer me with a firm "yes" ... constantly implore for my life without ceasing ... ... give ... to me as a gift.

... may ... ... for all time ... ... ... may your flames scorch ... long days ... to exercise dominion over the people ... ...

During a reign in the distant future, when this arch becomes dilapidated and old, may he restore this arch, not change its work, and return it to its place. May he write on it the praise of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and the mention of my name with his own name and deposit it for all time.

As for the one who removes this arch from the top of Emelamana, the temple of the god Nusku, my lord, and refashions its metal for another work, or destroys the praise of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Nusku, the just vizier, make inauspicious omens about him appear in heaven and netherworld and not ....

That which is written upon the ... of Emelamana, the temple of the god Nusku of the city Harran.

... who sees the wicked and the just ... ... ... who presents bursaggê-offerings ... ... ... the rites ... 5' ..., who burns up evil ones, who strikes the ... of the evil doer, ... ..., beloved of the god Duranki Enlil, who dwells in Emelamana that is inside the city Harran, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, judicious ruler, ..., obedient governor, favorite of god and goddess, who loves the cities' privileged status, who establishes ..., who obeys the command of the god Sîn and the goddess Ningal, whom, with their steadfast hearts, they crowned with the crown of rulership, ..., 10' who is assiduous towards the sanctuaries of the god Nusku, administrator of the gods, who provides for the cult centers and sanctuaries, ...; son of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, who reveres the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu; grandson of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria; the eternal seed of kingship:

I had doors made from long cedar beams, whose fragrance is sweet, with ... ... and I fastened on them bands of pure zahalû-metal, which is bright like daylight, through the workmanship of the god Kusibanda. 15' I fixed them in the gateways of the cella of Emelamana, the seat of his ... that is inside the city Harran, as ones that preserve life and protect the path of the king who reveres the god Sîn, his lord, ... that speak favorable things in the evening and bring in petitions ....

As for these doors, I completed their work and positioned them on the gates of the abode of ...

... who makes ... may ... be pleasing before you. ... make ... stretch out over me for good fortune ... give to me as a gift.

... bursaggê-offerings ... ... burgê-offer­ings ... may ... be on your mind ... ... the god Sîn constantly crossed over the broad heavens ... in the place of judgement and decision, answer me with a firm "yes" ... make ... favorable for me before both lords.

During a reign in the distant future, when these doors become dilapidated and old, may he restore these doors, my handiwork, not change their work, and return them to their place. May he write on them the praise of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and the mention of my name with his own name and deposit them for all time.

As for the one who removes these doors from Emelamana and refashions their metal for some other work, or destroys the praise of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Nusku ... his favorable ... speak evil of him before the god Sîn and the goddess Ningal, and ... may ... make his egirrû-oracles unfavorable.

This is what is written upon the doors of Emelamana, the temple of the god Nusku of the city Harran.

who provides strewn offerings, who quickly dispatches the meal-offerings for the great gods;

supreme heir of Ekur, who renders decisions for cities like the divine light Sîn and proclaims truth, who carries out the cultic rites of the office of supreme power, who keeps secrets, 5' without whom no deliberation is held in Ekur, who watches over the command of everything, who constantly brings instructions before the god Sîn, the divine light;

righteous judge, who sees the mind of the people, who purifies the just and the wicked like the Divine River, 10' who keeps truth and justice pure, whom the king of the gods, the god Namrashit Sîn, commissioned to destroy the malicious, the exalted vizier, who proclaims good things, whose decision cannot be altered and whose command cannot be changed;

... the wicked, who destroys enemies, the one to whom injustice and deceitful acts are an abomination, who strikes foes with lightning, who goes out and walks along the streets of his city to give judgement and decision,

may he write the mention of my good name, which the gods Ashur and Marduk had made greater than those of all other rulers, with his own name and deposit them for the future. May the god Nusku and the goddess Sadarnunna look upon his handiwork with pleasure and grant his prayers.

As for the one who erases my name from upon these lion-headed eagles, or removes this work from Emelamana and rev. 5' refashions its metal for anything else, or destroys the praise of the god Nusku, my lord, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Nusku, the just vizier, beloved of the god Sîn, constantly speak inauspicious words about him before the god Sîn, the one who had begotten him.

This is what is written upon the lion-headed eagles ... that stand in front of the cella ....

Upon the lion-headed eagles. That which is written upon .... The praise and ... ... That which is written in the lines of text on the lion-headed eagles ... ... ...

For the god Nusku, supreme lord, exalted judge, who oversees the nindabû-offerings for all the Igigu and the Anunnaku gods, who administers the Ekur, bright light that lights up the night, powerful fire, friend of the god Shamash, the judge, holy god, who purifies god and man, who lights up the darkness, who lights up the dark like the sun;

the god Nusku, supreme one, heroic god, who burns up evil ones, whose flames scorch the land of the insubmissive, who introduces command and directive, who oversees the Igigu and Anunnaku gods, ... instructions, who provides strewn offerings, who quickly dispatches the meal-offerings for the great gods ... his fathers;

supreme heir of Ekur, who renders decisions for cities like the divine light Sîn and proclaims truth, who carries out the cultic rites of the office of supreme power, who keeps secrets, without whom no deliberation is held in Ekur, who watches over the command of everything, who constantly brings instructions before the god Sîn, the divine light;

righteous judge, who sees the mind of the people, who purifies the just and the wicked like the Divine River, who keeps truth and justice pure, whom the king of the gods, the god Namrashit Sîn, commissioned to destroy the malicious, the exalted vizier, who proclaims good things, whose decision cannot be altered and whose command cannot be changed;

... the wicked, who destroys enemies, the one to whom injustice and deceitful acts are an abomination, who strikes foes with lightning, who goes out and walks along the streets of his city to give judgement and decision, 15 ..., who accepts prayers, who shows benevolent mercy to the one who obeys him, ..., ..., who makes the just prevail, who dwells in Emelamana that is inside the city Harran, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, capable governor, who reveres the great gods, ... ... ... for whom the prince, the divine light Sîn, desired ... the temple and dais, ... and whose rulership he made great, 20 ... whom the goddess Ningal ... guided and ... before the god Sîn, her beloved, ... about whom you, ... of the divine light Sîn, spoke favorably before the father of the one who had begotten you; son of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, who reveres the god Ashur and the goddess Mullissu; grandson of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria; true shepherd who cares for his people:

I had ... made whose weight amounts to such-and-such, ... ... ... like a flame ... the desires of the king who reveres him, ... that burns like a fire ... I made them as ....

... when you joyfully enter into the ... of Emelamana before the god Sîn ... may you be pleased and may your mind be joyful, ... make firm the foundations of my royal throne so that it may endure for all time, ... grant me plenty so that my shepherdship may be pleasing, ... may he always give the order to preserve my life and constantly implore you for my life.

During a reign in the distant future, when this work becomes dilapidated and old, may he restore these ..., my handiwork, not change my handiwork, and return them to their place. May he respect the oath sworn by the god Nusku, my lord, and the praise of the great gods, who support me, and may he write the mention of my good name, which the gods Ashur and Marduk had made greater than those of all other rulers, with his own name and deposit them for the future. May the god Nusku and the goddess Sadarnunna look kindly upon his handiwork and grant his prayers.

As for the one who removes these ... from the gate of Emelamana and refashions their metal for another work, or destroys the praise of the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Nusku, the just vizier, beloved of the god Sîn, constantly speak inauspicious words about him before the god Sîn, the one who had begotten him.

This is what is written upon the ... of Emelamana, the temple of the god Nusku of the city Harran.

I enlarged it.

I had a canopy, which rivals the heavens, made from musukkannu-wood, a durable wood. i 5' I then clad its perimeter with thirty-four talents and twenty minas of reddish gold and thereby reinforced its bonds. I stretched out its covering over the god Marduk, the great lord, and thus secured its roof.

As for the exalted chariot, the vehicle of the god Marduk, the pre-eminent one among the gods, the lord of lords, I completed its features with gold, silver, and precious stones. i 15' I gave it as a gift to the god Marduk, the king of the totality of heaven and netherworld, the one who overwhelms my enemies.

I skillfully made a bed of musukkannu-wood, a durable wood, that is clad with pashallu-gold and studded with precious stones, as a pleasure bed for the god Bel Marduk and the goddess Beltiya Zarpanitu to carry out the wedding and to make love. I placed it in Kahilisu, the bed chamber of the goddess Zarpanitu, which is laden with sexual charm.

I stationed four fierce wild bulls of silver, protectors of my royal path, in the "Gate of the Rising Sun" and the "Gate of Lamma-RA.BI," in gateways of Ezida, which is inside Borsippa.

I decorated Emashmash and Egashankalama with silver and gold, and filled them with splendor.

The goddess Sharrat-Kidmuri, who in her anger had abandoned her inner sanctum and i 35' had taken up residence in a place not befitting her, relented during the favorable reign lit. "my favorable reign" that the god Ashur had granted me.

No translation possible

I built and completed the sanctuaries of Assyria and the land Akkad in their entirety. I made every type of temple appurtenance there is from silver and gold, and I added them to those of the kings, my ancestors. ii 10' I made the great gods who support me reside in their exalted inner sanctums. I offered sumptuous offerings before them and presented them with my gifts.

great rulers from both east and west are anxious for me to be their ally.

With the support of the great gods, my lords, I entered the land Elam, brought about their the Elamites' defeat countless times, and iii 5' marched about triumphantly. Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam, became frightened by the assault of my mighty battle array, fled naked, and took to the mountains.

I conquered fourteen fortified cities, his royal residences, and smaller settlements, which were without number, together with twenty villages, in the district of the city Hunnir, which is on the border of the city Hidalu. I destroyed and demolished the city Bashimu and the villages in its environs.

As for the people living inside them, I annihilated them. I smashed their gods and thus placated the mood of the lord of lords. iv 5 I carried off to Assyria its gods, its goddesses, its possessions, and its property, as well as people, young and old. I devastated an area of sixty leagues inside the land Elam and scattered salt and cress over them.

As for the goddess Nanaya, who 1,635 years ago became angry and went to live in the land Elam, iv 15 a place not befitting her, then, at that time when she — and the gods, her fathers — nominated me for ruling over the lands, iv 20 she entrusted me with the return of her lordly majesty, saying: "Ashurbanipal will bring me out of the land Elam and make me enter Eanna again."

The words of their divine command that they had spoken in distant days, they now disclosed to the people of a later generation. iv 30 I grasped the hands of her great divinity. She took the direct path, which pleases the heart, to Eanna. I made her enter into Uruk and made her dwell on her eternal dais in Ehiliana, which she loves.

I put a lead-rope through his Uaite''s gums, placed him in a dog collar, and then made him guard the door of the eastern gate of the citadel of Nineveh, which is named the "Entrance to the Place Where the World Is Controlled."

As for ... of the land of the Arabs, ... ..., who had turned hostile towards me, had cast off the yoke of my lordship, and v 10 whom I had defeated in the thick of battle, I flayed them in Nineveh, my capital city.

At that time, as for the akitu-house of the god Sîn that is inside the city Harran and that had become old, I laid its foundations. I built and completed it from its foundations to its crenellations. I clad it with shiny zahalû-silver.

May the deities Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku look with pleasure upon my good deeds. May they lengthen my days v 25 so that I may be fully satisfied with my good fortune. May they make the foundations of my royal throne endure and make my reign last for a long time. May they kill my enemies and cut down my foes. v 30 With their great support, may I rule wherever I desire lit. "I say" and achieve whatever lit. "the place" I strive for.

In the future, may one of the sons, grandsons,

As for the one who destroys an inscribed object bearing my name, makes it disappear by some crafty device, or vi 5 does not place it with an inscribed object bearing his name, may the great gods of heaven and netherworld overthrow his kingship and make his name and seed disappear from the land.

An inscribed object for the akitu-house of the god Sîn that is inside the city Harran.

The goddess Sharrat-kidmuri, who from distant days was angry ... ... her great divinity.

... ... ... ... ... cannot be understood nor known, ... 5 ..., whose command cannot be changed and whose words ..., who pacifies the heart of god and goddess, who knows ..., by whom destruction and creation are brought about, ... without whom no judgement is given and no consultation is made.

... who creates fertility lit. "the womb", who expands the sheepfold ... at whose appearance renewal is present, makes signs appear, and establishes the mood of the people ..., who meets with the god Shamash and secures the throne, makes a reign firm ... ..., who selects lit. "raises the eye" and nominates the prince who reveres him ... of the gods Anu, Enlil, and Ea, who averts the troubles of those of heaven and netherworld, who cancels inauspicious omens ... the height of heaven, who cares for their cosmic bonds 15 ... at whose bright light those of the netherworld gaze ..., who resides in Ehulhul that is inside the city Harran, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, ..., judicious ruler, king of the world, beloved by the god Ashur and the goddess Ishtar, ... the goddess Ningal — wife of the princely son, the divine light Sîn — 20 ..., who carries out in full their cultic rites, ..., who lavishly provides their regular offerings ... ... to their place ... ... the dais of ... ... ...

As for the one who removes this ... from the akitu-house of the god Sîn and refashions its metal for another work, or destroys the praise of the god Sîn, my lord, and changes the mention of my name, may the god Sîn, the great lord, make his living quarters so terrifying to him that he must roam around outside, and ... ... may he command that he not live one more day.

This is what is written upon ... of the akitu-house of the god Sîn of the city Harran.

I removed shedus and lamassus, as many protectors of the temple as there were. I ripped out the raging wild bulls that adorned gateways. I had the sanctuaries of the land Elam utterly destroyed and I counted its gods and its goddesses as ghosts. 5' As for their secret groves, into which no outsider has ever gazed or set foot within their borders, my battle troops entered inside them, saw their secrets, and burned them with fire.

I destroyed and demolished the tombs of their earlier and later kings, men who had not revered the deities Ashur, Sîn, Ningal, and Nusku, my lords, and who had disturbed the kings, my ancestors; I exposed them to the sun lit. "the god Shamash". I took their bones to Assyria. I prevented their ghosts from sleeping and deprived them of funerary libations.

On a march of one month and twenty-five days, I devastated the districts of the land Elam and scattered salt and cress over them lit. "it".

The daughters of kings, the sisters of kings, along with earlier and later family of the kings of the land Elam, officials and mayors of those cities, as many as I had conquered, chief archers, captains, charioteers, third men of chariot crews, cavalrymen, archers, eunuchs, engineers, every kind of artisan there was, people — male and female, young and old — horses, mules, 20' donkeys, oxen, and sheep and goats, which were more numerous than locusts — I carried them off to Assyria.

I gathered earth from the cities Susa and Madaktu, Haltemash, and the rest of his cult centers and took it to Assyria. I allowed onagers and gazelles,

As for the goddess Nanaya, who 1,635 years ago became angry and went to live in the land Elam, a place not befitting her, then, at that time when she — and the gods, her fathers — nominated me for ruling over the lands, she entrusted me with the return of her lordly majesty, rev. 5' saying: "Ashurbanipal will bring me out of the evil land Elam and make me enter Eanna again."

The words of their divine command that they had spoken in distant days, they now disclosed to the people of a later generation. I grasped the hands of her great divinity. She took the direct path, which pleases the heart, to Eanna. rev. 10' I made her enter into Uruk and made her dwell on her eternal dais in Ehiliana, which she loves.

As for the people and the booty of the land Elam, which I had plundered by the command of the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Sharrat-Kidmuri, Ishtar of Arbela, Ninurta, Nergal, and Nusku — rev. 15' I gave the best of them to my gods. I added the archers, shield bearers, artisans, and engineers whom I had carried off from the land Elam to my royal contingent. I divided up the rest like sheep and goats among my governors, my nobles, my cult centers, and my entire camp.

...

No translation possible

... Shalmaneser III, son of ... ... ... Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, ... of Nineveh ...

... ... ... ... ... ... the stars lit. "writing" of the firmament ... ... I clad its the canopy's perimeter with thirty-four talents and twenty minas of reddish gold and thereby reinforced its bonds. 5' Through the craft of the god Kusibanda, I made their appearance shine. Like the structure of heaven, I ... and I stretched out its covering over the dwelling of the god Marduk, the great lord, and thus secured its roof.

As for the throne-dais, the inner sanctum of his Marduk's exalted divinity, which is placed over the massive body of the sea Tiamat, ... I cast fifty talents of shiny zahalû-silver into bricks and thereby enlarged it. I adorned it with an awe-inspiring aura and radiance, arrayed it in splendor, 10' made all of its workmanship resplendent, skillfully made its features, and made it more ... than previously. The ishippu-priests and pashishu-priests cleansed all of Esagil with their purification ceremonies.

Month of Nisan I.

Like the god Enlil, who establishes my reign, ... ..., may the god Marduk, the great lord, ... the statue of my royal majesty ... ..., may he constantly listen to me ... ... May he always ... my troops at sunrise and sunset. rev. 5 May he answer me with a firm "yes" in divination and keep me in good health. Like the finest oil, may my shepherdship be pleasing to the people ... so that wherever his radiance goes forth, they may respect my name by his command. May he make the four quarters of the world submit to me so that they may pull my yoke. ... sunrise to sunset ... ... rev. 10 ... so that I may expand the territory of Assyria ... ... wide ... and tall mountains ... ... truth, justice, my reign ... ....

In the future, may one of the kings, my descendants, ... ... ...

governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; grandson of Sennacherib, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria; descendant of Sargon II, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, governor of Babylon, king of the land of Sumer and Akkad —

The god Ashur, the father of the gods, determined a royal destiny as my lot while I was in my mother's womb; the goddess Mullissu, the great mother, nominated me for ruling over the land and people; the god Ea and the goddess Belet-ili skillfully fashioned my form fit for lordship; the god Sîn, the holy god, made a favorable sign visible regarding my exercising the kingship; the gods Shamash and Adad entrusted me with the lore of the diviner, a craft that cannot be changed; i 10' the god Marduk, the sage of the gods, granted me a broad mind and extensive knowledge as a gift; the god Nabû, the scribe of everything, bestowed on me the precepts of his wisdom as a present; the gods Ninurta and Nergal endowed my body with power, virility, and unrivalled strength.

I learned the craft of the sage Adapa, the secret, hidden lore, all of the scribal arts. I am able to recognize celestial and terrestrial omens and can discuss them in an assembly of scholars. i 15' I am capable of deliberating with skilled diviners about the series "If the liver is an image of the heavens." I can resolve complex mathematical divisions and multiplications that do not have an easy solution. I have read cunningly written texts in obscure Sumerian and Akkadian that are difficult to interpret. I have carefully examined inscriptions on stone from before the Deluge whose meanings are hidden lit. "sealed", muddled lit. "stopped up", and confusing.

With select companions, this is how I would spend all of my days: I would canter on thoroughbreds and ride stallions that were raring to go; I would hold a bow and make arrows fly as befits a warrior; I would throw quivering lances as if they were arrows; I would take the reins like a charioteer and execute pinpoint turns of the chariot; and I would forge aritu-shields and kababu-shields like an engineer. I am proficient in the great technical lore of all the specialists, every one of them.

At the same time, I was learning proper lordly behavior and becoming familiar with the ways of kingship. I would stand before the king who had engendered me and regularly give orders to officials. No governor would be appointed without me and no administrator would be installed without my consent.

The father who had engendered me would constantly see the heroism that the great gods had determined for me. By the command of the great gods, he Esarhaddon loved me much more than anyone else in the assembly of my ... brothers. With regard to my exercising the kingship, he appealed to the god Ashur — the king of the gods, the lord of everything — beseeched the goddesses Mullissu and Sherua — the queens of goddesses, the ladies of ladies — prayed to the gods Shamash and Adad — the diviners of heaven and netherworld, judges of the four quarters of the world — and prayed devoutly to the gods Nabû and Marduk — the ones who bestow scepter and throne, the ones who firmly establish kingship — i 35' saying "Proclaim one of my sons as my replacement in your assembly." ...

In front of the great gods of heaven and netherworld, whose commands cannot be changed, he Esarhaddon reinforced, wrote out, and established treaties for future days. In the month Ayyaru II, the month of the god Ea — the lord of humankind, the one who fashioned the physique of my royal majesty — I entered the House of Succession, a place of instruction and counsel for kingship, and ii 5' by the command of the god Ashur — the father of the gods — and the god Marduk — the lord of lords, the king of the gods — he Esarhaddon elevated me above the other sons of the king and nominated me for kingship.

When I entered the palace, the entire camp rejoiced and was filled with joyous celebrations. Nobles and eunuchs were happy and they heeded the pronouncements from my lips. Before the king, the father who had engendered me, I would intercede on their behalf and I would annul their sins.

The great gods looked with pleasure upon my good deeds and, by their exalted command, I sat gladly on the throne of the father who had engendered me. Nobles and eunuchs required my lordship and loved my exercising the kingship. Being happy at the mention of my honored name, the four quarters of the world rejoiced.

Kings of the Upper and Lower Seas, servants who belonged to the father who had engendered me, kept sending glad tidings to me regarding my exercising the kingship. The enemies' readied weapons eased to rest and they dissolved their well-organized battle array. Their sharpened axes lay at rest and they unstrung their armed bows. Dangerous men who desire war against those who had not submitted to them calmed down.

Within city and household, no one took anything from his fellow by force. Throughout the entire land, not a single man committed a crime. A traveler on his own walked in safety on remote roads. There was no thief or murderer lit. "one who sheds blood" and no obstacle intervened on the path.

The lands dwelt in peaceful abodes and the four quarters of the world were placid like the finest oil. The Elamites sent and brought messages to inquire about my well-being. By the command of the god Marduk, the lord, I had no rival and there was no one to oppose me.

During my first regnal year, when the god Marduk, the king of everything, entrusted me with lordship, I took hold of the hem of his great divinity, was assiduous towards his sanctuaries, and constantly appealed to and beseeched his great divinity regarding the journey of his divinity, saying:

"Remember Babylon, which you yourself destroyed in your anger. Relent lit. "turn your neck" and turn your attention back to Esagil, the palace of your lordship. It is enough that you have abandoned your city and have taken up residence in a place not befitting you. You are the supreme one of the gods, O Marduk. Give the command to travel to Shuanna Babylon. At your holy command, which cannot be changed, may your entry into Esagil be established. Who ...?"

me, Ashurbanipal, .... ashipu-priests ... ..., lamentation priests with manzû-drums and halhallatu-drums ..., and singers with lyres were singing the praise of his lordship. iii 5' Shamash-shuma-ukin, my favorite brother whom I presented to the god Marduk, took the hands of his great divinity and was marching before him.

From the quay of Baltil Ashur to the quay of Babylon, wherever they stopped for the night, sheep were butchered, bulls were slaughtered, and armannu-aromatics were scattered on ...s. They brought before him everything there was for morning and evening meals. iii 10' Piles of brushwood were lit and torches ignited so that there was light for one league. All of my troops were arranged in a circle around him like a rainbow and there were joyous celebrations day and night.

The deities the Lady of Akkad, Nanaya, Ushur-amassa, Hanibiya, and Ada... had taken up residence on the banks of the river, waiting for the king of the gods, the lord of lords. The god Nergal, mightiest of the gods, came out of Emeslam, his princely residence, and iii 15' approached the quay of Babylon amidst a joyous celebration, arriving safely. The god Nabû, the triumphant heir, took the direct road from Borsippa. The god Shamash rushed from Sippar, emitting radiance onto Babylon. The gods of the land of Sumer and Akkad in their hurry looked exhausted like tired foals.

With the craft of the sage — "the washing of the mouth," "the opening of the mouth," bathing, and purification — he Marduk entered the fruit orchards of the luxuriant gardens of Karzagina "Pure Quay" or "Quay of Lapis Lazuli", a pure place, before the stars of heaven — the deities Ea, Shamash, Asalluhi, Belet-ili, Kusu, and Ningirima — and ... inside it Esagil he took up residence on his eternal dais.

Before him, I offered choice prized bulls and fattened sheep. I brought before him fish and birds, the abundance of the apsû. iii 25' I made ..., honey, and oil flow like a downpour. As my gifts, I presented him with ... and extensive presents.

I placed at his service ramku-priests, pashishu-priests, and ecstatics. I set before him ashipu-priests, lamentation priests, and singers who have acquired their entire craft.

... ... was pleased ... like ...

At that time, I had a stele bearing my name made and I engraved images of the great gods, my lords, on it and erected before them an image of my royal majesty beseeching their divinity. I had the praise of the god Marduk, my lord, and my good deeds inscribed upon it and I left it for the future.

As for me, Ashurbanipal, he determined a favorable destiny as my lot.

... ...

From Ehursaggalkurkurra

The remnants

The gods of the land of Sumer

Its bank

Me, Ashurbanipal

He blessed

Shamash-shuma-ukin

The hands of his divinity

ashipu-priests

Lamentation priests

Singers

... Maumusha "Boat of Command"

From the quay of Baltil Ashur

... ... I appealed to ... ... ... ... to the gods Shamash and Adad, the diviners of heaven and netherworld, I prayed to the gods ... and prayed reverently to the gods Nabû and Marduk, saying "Proclaim one of my sons as my replacement ..." ii 5 ... ... his name, and thus they accepted my prayers and listened to my supplications. ... "The Fruit" the god Sîn made known to him ... ... ... ...

...s ...s of Assyria ... ... of the great gods.

For the god Marduk, ... ..., my lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters of the world; offspring of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria; descendant of Sennacherib, king of Assyria:

I completed Ehursaggalkurkurra, the temple of the god Ashur, king of the gods, my lord. I clad its walls with reddish gold and made them shine like daylight. I made the god Ashur, the great lord, enter into Ehursaggula "House, Big Mountain" and made him dwell on his eternal dais.

At that time, the god Marduk, ..., the king of the gods, required my priestly services and ..., I strove to restore every type of divine object of his. 10 I skillfully made a bed of musukkannu-wood, a durable wood, as a pleasure bed. As for the canopy, ..., which is stretched out and which is resplendent as the sun, I ... As for the chariot, ..., which a king of the past who had come before me had made, its ... had collapsed and its precious stones had fallen out, I ... its decoration in its entirety.

..., by the command of the god Ashur, ... my mind ... at its side

Wording of the inscription that was erased from the bed and the throne of the god Bel Marduk, which were deposited in the temple of the god Ashur, and that of the inscription written upon them in the name of Ashurbanipal. Simanu III, the twenty-seventh day, eponymy of Awianu 655, they were returned to Babylon ....

... ... ... ... ..., O lord, being furious and relenting, destroying and creating, and depopulating and repopulating regions are in your hands. iv 5' As for Esagil, the terrifying cella, the seat of your supreme power, you commanded your beloved king to restore your divine work.

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, your pious servant; son of Esarhaddon, king of Assyria; grandson of Sennacherib, king of Assyria; who reveres the command of your great divinity, who is assiduous towards your places of worship and your daises, who carries out in full your cultic rites, and who placates your mood:

I completed Esagil. I decorated the replica of the apsû, the palace of your lordly majesty, with gold, making it shine like daylight. I made the exalted chariot of the king of the gods Marduk, the vehicle of the lord of lords. I skillfully made a bed of musukkannu-wood, a durable wood, as a pleasure bed, iv 15' that is clad with pashallu-gold and studded with precious stones, ... whose sides are surrounded with ... ... ... it was truly set up for the god Marduk and the goddess Zarpanitu, the deities who love each other. To preserve my life and prolong my days, I presented these objects as a gift to them.

When they perform the marriage rites and enter the house of lovemaking, may both gods speak about my ... to each other, and may they bless my kingship with their holy pronouncements, which cannot be altered. May they let me, the one who is assiduous towards their places of worship, achieve my heart's desire. May they flatten my enemies for me, the one who fulfills their heart's wish.

But as for the one who erases my inscribed name and writes his own name, or effaces and destroys the mention of the king who is assiduous towards the sanctuaries of the god Marduk and the goddess Zarpanitu by any crafty device that there is, may the god Marduk, king of the gods, take away his libido and make his seed disappear, and may the goddess Zarpanitu speak evil about him in the bedroom, the private room of the head of the family.

For the god Marduk, the exalted lord, king of the gods, supreme one, pre-eminent one ..., one of exalted strength, foremost of all the lords, ..., all-powerful one, foremost in heaven and netherworld, who directs the Igigu and Anunnaku gods ..., who bears the fierce divine weapon, hero of the great gods, ..., the honored, perfect lord whose boundaries cannot be transgressed ...;

the god Shazu Marduk, who knows the heart of the gods, who exterminates all of the wicked, who ..., who is crowned with the crown of rulership, who is adorned with awesome terror, who is ... with fearsomeness, ..., most skilled of the skilled, wise, intelligent, adept, learned, ..., deep hearted, his own counselor who in all ... ..., 10 lord of wells, springs, floods, and seas, ..., merciful lord who accepts prayers and listens to ..., king of Babylon, lord of Esagil, the palace of heaven and netherworld ..., who renders just verdicts, who sets right ...:

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, ... in order to restore the cult centers and to provide for the shrines ..., who in distant days in his anger ... in order to exact vengeance and to take revenge ... ....

By his exalted command, I conquered the land Elam .... With his support, I devastated his the Elamite king's land and turned it into a wasteland ....

Moreover, Tugdammî, the king of a barbarian horde, the creation of Tiamat, the very image of ... in order not to commit a crime nor sin against the border of my land, the oath of ... he scorned and did not fear your honored name which the Igigu gods ... to glorify your lordship and the might of your divinity .... According to your divine message that you sent me, saying, "I will scatter the band of ...."

Sandak-shatru, a son, his offspring, whom he established as his replacement, ... ....

I listened and paid careful attention to the heroic god Marduk and to the command of the goddess Erua Zarpanitu .... I had a basket made of reddish gold and pashallu-gold and .... Through the craft of the god Kusibanda, I skillfully created ... and in order to present .... With the kikittê-rituals of the incantation priest's craft and with the purification of the goddess Kusu ... 30 to present the meal, to give the food offerings and ... to bring offerings morning and evening constantly and unceasingly .... When the god Nindagud carries this gold basket and the god Minâ-ikul-beli ....

On account of this, O Marduk, the great lord, look upon this basket with pleasure and ... have mercy on me, Ashurbanipal, whenever I call out to you ..., accept my prayers and listen to my pleas so that there not be any illness ... ....

Whenever this gold basket ... before your divinity ... .... Look constantly during the presentation of the bursaggê-offerings and the burgê-offerings, and ... good health, happiness, a bright spirit, long life .... Give me a just scepter and a true staff, which ... the people, the subjects of the god Enlil, .... 40 By your great command, ... all of the kings who sit on daises for/to .... Kill my enemies and cut down my foes in the midst of battle. ....

May the goddess Zarpanitu, your beloved spouse, for the preservation of my life, constantly ... May the god Nabû, the perfect son, your exalted vizier, constantly ... May the goddess Tashmetu, the daughter-in-law of Esagil, who resides inside ..., ....

During a reign in the distant future, when this gold basket ..., may he restore this gold basket, not change its work, and ... May he write on it the praise of the god Marduk, my lord, and the mention of my name with his own name and ....

As for the one who ... this gold basket from Esagil, the seat of his lordship ... or removes the praise of the god Marduk, my lord, and the mention of my name ..., may the god Marduk, the great lord, make inauspicious omens about him appear in heaven and netherworld and not ....

Fifty lines which are written upon the gold basket of the god Marduk ....

For the god Marduk, the exalted lord, king of the gods, supreme one, pre-eminent one ..., one of exalted strength, foremost of all the lords, ..., all-powerful one, foremost in heaven and netherworld, who directs the Igigu and Anunnaku gods ..., who bears the fierce divine weapon, hero of the great gods, ..., the honored, perfect lord whose boundaries cannot be transgressed ...;

the god Shazu Marduk, who exterminates all of the wicked, who ..., who oversees everything, who holds the nose-rope of ..., who maintains the bond of heaven and netherworld, who ..., who is crowned with the crown of rulership, who is adorned with awesome terror, who is ... with fearsomeness, ..., 10 the sun of the gods with blazing features ..., most skilled of the skilled, wise, intelligent, adept, learned, ..., beneficent, discerning, ..., deep hearted, who evaluates ..., whose thoughts cannot be understood nor ..., 15 lord of wells, springs, floods, and seas, ..., creator of the black-headed people, lord of creation ..., merciful lord who accepts prayers and listens to ..., king of Babylon, lord of Esagil, the palace of heaven and netherworld, ...

to bring offerings morning and evening constantly and unceasingly ....

On account of this, O Marduk, the great lord, look upon this censer with pleasure and ... have mercy on me, Ashurbanipal, whenever I call out to you ... my ..., grant my petitions ..., accept my prayers and listen to my pleas so that there not be any illness ....

Whenever this gold censer ... before your divinity ... Look constantly ... during the presentation of the bursaggê-offerings and the burgê-offerings, and ... good health, happiness, a bright spirit, long life ... Give me a just scepter and a true staff, which ... the people, the subjects of the god Enlil, .... rev. 10' By your great command, ... all of the kings who sit on daises for/to .... May my land be expanded and may my people flourish .... Grant me abundance, prosperity, plenty, ... .... Kill my enemies and cut down my foes in the midst of battle. ....

May the goddess Zarpanitu, your beloved spouse, for the preservation of my life, constantly ... May the god Nabû, the perfect son, your exalted vizier, constantly ... May the goddess Tashmetu, the daughter-in-law of Esagil, who resides inside ..., ....

During a reign in the distant future, when this gold censer ..., may he restore this gold censer, not change its work, and ... May he write on it the praise of the god Marduk, my lord, and the mention of my name with his own name and ....

As for the one who ... this gold censer from Esagil, the seat of his lordship ... or removes the praise of the god Marduk, my lord, and the mention of my name ..., may the god Marduk, the great lord, make inauspicious omens about him appear in heaven and netherworld and not ..., may the goddess Zarpanitu, the sublime lady, the spouse ....

That which is written upon the gold basket of Marduk ....

Fifty-five lines of praise ....

... ... ... whose deeds are skillful, the words of ....

I, Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria, capable governor ..., whom the lord of lords chose by his pure glance and ... ... the forgotten cultic rites and kidudû-rituals ... and to placate the mood of his divinity ... ... who guided me in my youth and protected my royal majesty ... he gave me a just scepter and a true staff over ... 10' his attention was given to my entreaties ... "Do not fear!," he said to me, "I myself will come to your aid!" ....

By his command, he granted me life, ... a lamassu ..., he always stood in for me, overthrew my foes, ..., he came to my aid, shamed the one who gloated over me, ..., 15' he scorned my enemies, conquered my foes, ... ..., he comprehended my speech and properly guided my judgements ..., he gave me bright eyes, the lot of the scribal arts, ..., to sing praises of his greatness, ... his name ..., I constantly paid attention to his lordship and ... rev. 1 the deeds of his divinity, which ... for the posterity of his people ....

I had a writing board made ... an image of my likeness ... rev. 5 "The Hero, the Princely One of Heaven and Netherworld," a hymn of praise to the god Bel Marduk, the god ....

On account of this, O Marduk, may the glorification of your strength be pleasing to you .... By your command, may this object be secure in Esagil for all time ....

He determined as my lot a long life and a destiny of longevity .... By your pronouncements, which cannot be overturned, protect my life ..., by your command, may my name be secure for eternity .... In Ehalanki "House of the Secrets of Heaven and Underworld", the luxuriant dwelling of the goddess Ninbaragesi Zarpanitu, ..., may the god Nabû, the splendid one, the exalted heir of the god Marduk, constantly ... the number of my years, a long life lit. "long days". May all of the world see this object and constantly praise your divinity ....

Moreover, as for me, Ashurbanipal, the one who speaks ..., may the mouths of the posterity of future people praise ... this ..., the praise of ... ... ...

For the god Nergal, perfect warrior, mightiest of the gods, foremost hero, powerful lord, ..., king of battle, lord of strength and power, lord of the Deluge, who brings about the defeat of the enemy, the exalted son of the god Enlil, powerful one among the gods, his brothers, child of the goddess Kutushar Mullissu, the great queen, who marches at the side of the king, his favorite, and kills his foes, who fells ..., 5 who spares the ruler who reveres him from plague, who grants him mighty victories, who resides in Emeslam, the holy shrine that is inside Cutha, the great lord, his lord —

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters of the world; son of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria; grandson of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria; the eternal seed of kingship — he desired me to be king in order to secure the regular offerings and to provide for the shrines. 10 The deities Ashur, Mullissu, and Nergal, the great gods, made the foundations of my royal throne firm ..., and they allowed me to stand over all my enemies in order to exact revenge for the kings, my fathers:

As for Kudur-Nanhundu Kutur-Nahhunte, the Elamite who did not keep the oath sworn by the great gods, ..., who in madness trusted in his own strength, ..., and who laid his hands on the shrines of the land Akkad and destroyed the land Akkad, ..., 15 when the time had come and the appropriate time drew near, the great gods looked upon his evil deeds and .... For 1,635 years, the Elamite destruction ..., they the gods commissioned me, Ashurbanipal, the ruler who reveres them, to scatter the land Elam ... and they placed in my hands the merciless weapon .... The great gods in heaven and netherworld .... 20 The god Shamash, through his firm "yes," commanded me ..., and the god Sîn, through his decision that cannot change, .... They told me to execute faithfully the command of the goddess Ishtar ....

I trusted in the command of the god Ashur and the god Nergal, who had encouraged me, ... ... my heart at the command of the goddess Ishtar ... I did not ... at the command of the goddess Ishtar, daughter of the god Sîn, ...

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Darkness gathered over the land Elam ... I flattened it like the Deluge even more than before ... I seized the city Susa within the space of a single day. I brought the god Inshushinak ..., the gods of the land Elam and its goddesses, out and counted them as booty. ... rev. 5 the captives of the land Elam — young and old which were without number — and the possessions and property of their earlier kings, as well as the bribes from the lands that they the lands had provided for aid ....

With the support of the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Adad, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, ..., the great gods, my lords, I flattened the land Elam in one year ..., I destroyed it a second time, and then a third time, when Ummanaldashu .... rev. 10 By their pronouncements, which no one can overturn, the Elamite destruction ... the troubling things that their fathers had done .... With the support of the god Ashur and the god Nergal, the great gods, my lords, to ... I exacted revenge ... I grasped the hands of the goddesses Nanaya, Ushur-amassa, and Urkayitu ... and rev. 15 I made them enter and reside in Eanna .... The god Mar-biti of the city Maliki, whom the Elamite villain ... with the daughter of the god Sîn ....

At that time, as for Emeslam, which a king of the past who had come before me had built, and which had become dilapidated and old, I renovated its dilapidated sections and removed the portions of it that had collapsed. In brick molds of ebony and musukkannu-wood, I made its bricks with crushed pieces of aromatics. rev. 20 I made people take up hoes and had its foundations put back into alignment .... In an auspicious month, on a propitious day, I laid its foundations with perfumed oil, good quality oil, silver, and gold. Moreover, I secured its door bolts.

I adorned the structure of the temple with musukkannu-wood, KA-wood, ebony, boxwood, hilepu-wood, and UMBIN-wood and built and completed it from its foundations to its crenellations with the craft of the god Kulla. I raised its superstructure. I roofed it with long beams of cedar grown on Mount Sirara and Mount Lebanon. rev. 25 I fastened bands of bronze on doors of white cedar, whose scent is sweet, and fixed them in its gateways. I stationed fierce lion-headed eagles whose weight is such-and-such ..., protectors of my royal path, ....

I grasped the hands of the god Nergal and the goddess Lash ... ... to Emeslam, the temple beloved by ....

When the deities Nergal and Lash ... me, Ashurbanipal, ... their radiant faces ... their benevolent protection .... May they lengthen my days ... rev. 35 my shepherdship ... wherever I go ....

May a future ruler, ..., whom the deities ... choose and nominate for ruling over the land and people, renovate its dilapidated sections when this temple becomes old and dilapidated. rev. 40 As for the one who erases my inscribed name ..., may the god Nergal, the mightiest of the gods, ... yearly ....

... For 1,635 years, the Elamite destruction ..., the gods Ashur, Bel Marduk, Nabû, ... in the divine assembly place ... 5' they the gods commissioned me, Ashurbanipal, the ruler who reveres them, to scatter the land Elam ... The great gods in heaven and netherworld ... The god Shamash, through his firm "yes," commanded me ... They told me to execute faithfully the command of the deities Ashur, Ishtar, and Nergal ....

I trusted in the command of the god Ashur and the god Nergal, who had encouraged me, ... I did not ... at the command of the goddess Ishtar, daughter of the god Sîn, ..., which during the night the fury of ... I directed the troops of Assyria against the Elamite ....

On my first campaign, by the command of the deities Ashur, Ishtar, ... I placed Ummanigash Humban-nikash II, son of Urtaku, on his Teumman's throne .... 15' Ummanigash, for whom I had performed many acts of kindness and whom I had installed as king of the land Elam, .... Shamash-shuma-ukin, my unfaithful brother, carried off the property of Esagil, Ezida, Emeslam, and ....

The god Ashur, supreme one of the gods who determines fates, and the god Nergal ... delivered him Ummanigash into the hands of Tammaritu, son of another Ummanigash, the brother of his father, .... 20' Tammaritu, who sat on the throne of the land Elam after him and who, like him, ..., the god Ashur and the god Nergal, the gods who support me, overthrew his kingship and ....

After him, Indabibi, who, like him, had constantly sent ..., the god Ashur and the god Nergal, gods of mine who constantly answer enemies in my stead, and fear of the weapons of ... Terror overwhelmed them the people of Elam and then they rebelled against Indabibi and killed him with the sword ... The anger of the god Ashur and the god Nergal did not relent and the fury of the Assyrian Ishtar ....

On my second campaign, I gathered the troops of the god Ashur, who ... ..., I scattered the troops of Ummanaldashu and his forces ... I filled the open country with the silence of desolation ... ... ....

... ... the divine light Sîn ... brought out, and as for the daughter of the god Sîn Ishtar, the female warrior, her divinity came forth ... their "yes" ... ... battle ... ... I was fully prepared for battle and he was marching ... rev. 5 The god Nergal, the merciless warrior, powerful one among the gods, his brothers, who intercedes on my behalf, ... The goddess Ishtar, ... of battle, the lady of the city Arbela, had quivers hanging on the right and left ... ... she unsheathed ... she was scorching with fire, the one who ... .... The god Adad, the canal inspector of heaven and netherworld, the devastating storm cloud, roared against him Ummanaldashu .... With the support of the great gods, my lords, I destroyed the troops of Ummanaldashu ... I established his defeat in all directions.

On that day, ... ... I flattened it like the Deluge even more than before ... I seized the city Susa within the space of a single day. I brought the god Inshushinak ..., the gods of the land Elam and its goddesses, out and counted them as booty. ... the possessions and property of their earlier kings, as well as the bribes from the lands that they the lands had provided for aid, ....

With the support of the deities Ashur, Sîn, Shamash, Adad, Bel Marduk, Nabû, Ishtar of Nineveh, Ishtar of Arbela, ..., the great gods, my lords, I flattened the land Elam in one year, I destroyed it in a second year, and then a third time, when Ummanaldashu ... By their pronouncements, which no one can overturn, the Elamite destruction ... With the support of the gods Ashur, Bel Marduk, Nabû, and Nergal, the great gods, my lords, to ... the cities Bashimu and Banunu, royal cities of the land Elam that ... rev. 20 By the command of the gods Ashur, Bel Marduk, Nabû, and Nergal, who had encouraged me, ... I grasped the hands of the goddesses Nanaya, Ushur-amassa, and Urkayitu ... and I made them enter and reside in Eanna .... The god Mar-biti of the city Maliki, whom the Elamite villain ....

Shamash-shuma-ukin, my unfaithful bro­ther, for whom I had performed many acts of kindness and whom I had installed as king of Babylon, ... the lands Akkad, Chaldea, Aram, and Karduniash Babylonia, which ... ... rev. 25 The great gods looked upon his evil deeds and in ... As for the one who had disturbed my exercising the kingship, I imposed a harsh punishment on him ....

At that time, as for Emeslam, which a king of the past who had come before me had built, ... ... ...

I, Ashurbanipal, great king, strong king, king of the world, king of Assyria, king of the four quarters of the world, governor of Babylon, i 5 king of the land of Sumer and Akkad; offspring of Esarhaddon, king of the world, king of Assyria; descendant of Sennacherib, king of the world, king of Assyria —

... the god Nergal ... my ...s ... From my childhood until I became an adult ... me and they granted me a broad mind and i 15 allowed my mind to learn all of the scribal arts. They made the mention of my name greater and made my lordship more surpassing than those of all other kings who sit on royal daises.

As for the sanctuaries of Assyria and the land Akkad whose foundations Esarhaddon, king of Assyria, the father who had engendered me, had laid, but whose construction he had not finished, I myself now ...

I gave it a chariot as a gift to the god Marduk, the king of the totality of heaven and netherworld, the one who overwhelms my enemies.

I skillfully made a bed of musukkannu-wood, a durable wood, that is clad with pashallu-gold and studded with precious stones, as a pleasure bed for the god Bel Marduk and the goddess Beltiya Zarpanitu to carry out the wedding and to make love. I placed it in Kahilisu, the bed chamber of the goddess Zarpanitu, which is laden with sexual charm.

I stationed four fierce wild bulls of silver, protectors of my royal path, in the "Gate of the Rising Sun" and in the "Gate of Lamma-RA.BI," in gateways of Ezida, which is inside Borsippa.

I completed the sanctuaries of Assyria and the land Akkad in their entirety. I decorated the walls of the temples of ... with silver and gold, and filled them with splendor. ii 5 I made regular offerings and contributions more plentiful than those of distant days. The great gods looked with pleasure upon my good deeds. They made my weapons greater ... and rendered judgment ...

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they the god Ashur and the god Nergal accepted my prayers and listened to the utterances of my lips. Indabibi, a servant of his, rebelled against him and brought about his defeat in a pitched battle.

As for Tammaritu, the king of the land Elam who had spoken insolent words on account of the cutting off of the head of Teumman — which a low-ranking soldier of my army had cut off — saying: "Will they cut off the head of the king of the land Elam in his own land, in the assembly of his troops?" He spoke again: "Moreover, how could Ummanigash kiss the ground ii 10' before a messenger of Ashurbanipal, king of Assyria?" On account of these words that he had slanderously uttered, the god Ashur and the god Nergal attacked him and then Tammaritu, his brothers, his family, and the seed of his father's house, together with eighty-five nobles who march at his side, ii 15' fled to me from Indabibi, and then grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

... fled to the city Dur-Undasi. He crossed the Idide River and prepared himself to fight with me.

With the support of the god Ashur and the god Nergal, I advanced and marched against Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam. In the course of my campaign, I conquered the city Dur-Undasi, a royal city of his.

I crossed that river and conquered fourteen cities, his royal residences, and smaller settlements, which were without number, together with twenty villages in the district of the city Hunnir, which is on the border of the city Hidalu. I destroyed and demolished the city Bashimu and the villages in its environs.

As for the people living inside them, I annihilated them. ...

Pa'ê, who had exercised dominion over the land Elam in opposition to Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, thought about the awe-inspiring brilliance of the fierce weapons of the god Ashur and the god Nergal that v 5 they had poured over the land Elam, not once or twice, but thrice, and he became disheartened. He fled to me from the land Elam and grasped the feet of my royal majesty.

As for Ummanaldashu Humban-haltash III, the king of the land Elam, who had fled from the weapon of the god Ashur and v 10 who had taken to the mountains, he returned from the mountains, his place of refuge, and he entered the city Madaktu, a city that

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I fastened bands of silver on doors of white cedar, whose fragrance is sweet, and I fixed them in its gateways.

When the god Nergal takes up residence on his eternal dais inside ..., ... me, Ashurbanipal, ..., the builder of this temple. vi 1 May he the god Nergal turn his radiant face towards me, lengthen my days, and increase my years. vi 5 May he determine as my fate good health and happiness. May he ... my shepherdship ... vi 10 so that I may rule wherever I desire lit. "I say" and achieve whatever lit. "the place" I strive for.

Inscribed object for the temple of the god Nergal that is inside Cutha.

... ... ...

At that time, as for Emeslam, which a king of the past who had come before me had built, and which had become old, I renovated its dilapidated sections and removed the portions of it that had collapsed. rev. i' 5' In brick molds of ebony and musukannu-wood, I made its bricks with crushed pieces of aromatics.

For the god Nanna, king of the Enlil circle of gods, his lord: Sîn-balassu-iqbi, viceroy of Ur, 5 who provides for Eridu, built Eshaduga, the abode of his Enlilship.

For the god Nanna, king of the Enlil circle of gods, his lord: Sîn-balassu-iqbi, governor of Ur, 5 who provides for Eridu, built Eashanamar, the abode of the god Enlil.

Puzur-Ashur, vice-regent of the god Ashur, son of Ashur-narari I, also vice-regent of the god Ashur:

For his life and the well-being of his city, I built the great wall and the gates of the New City, from the great wall of the Inner City up to the river in its entirety, from its foundation to its crest and I deposited my clay cone.

The gods Ashur and Adad will listen to the prayers of a later ruler when that wall becomes dilapidated and he rebuilds it. May the same ruler restore my clay cone to its place.

Puzur-Ashur, vice-regent of the god Ashur, son of Ashur-narari I, also vice-regent of the god Ashur:

For his life and the well-being of his city - the city of Habuba on the shore of the Lower Zab I built from the foundation to the top. I deposited my foundation documents and my steles.

The gods Ashur and Adad will listen to the prayers of a later ruler when that city becomes dilapidated and he rebuilds it. May the same ruler restore foundation documents and the steles to their place.

To the god Adad, the canal inspector of heaven and netherworld, the great lord, his lord: Bel-iddin set up and presented this stele for the sake of ensuring his good health.